Summary

KEY FINDINGS
The North America flow battery market size is valued at $172.20 million as of 2025 and is expected to reach $610.55 million by 2032, progressing with a CAGR of 19.82% during the forecast years, 2025-2032.
MARKET INSIGHTS
The North American flow battery market demonstrates exceptional momentum driven by aggressive renewable energy integration targets and comprehensive grid modernization initiatives. Federal policies, including the Inflation Reduction Act, provide substantial investment tax credits that significantly improve project economics for energy storage deployments.
Consequently, utilities accelerate procurement activities to meet state-level mandates, particularly in California, New York, and Massachusetts, where regulatory frameworks strongly favor long-duration storage solutions. Furthermore, the region benefits from established manufacturing capabilities and robust research infrastructure supporting technological innovation. Independent system operators across North America continue refining market rules to better compensate flow batteries for their unique capabilities in frequency regulation and transmission support.
Corporate sustainability commitments drive demand beyond utility applications, with data centers and industrial facilities increasingly recognizing the strategic value of reliable, long-duration backup power. Additionally, venture capital investments flow steadily into domestic flow battery manufacturers, strengthening the regional supply chain. Grid resilience concerns following recent extreme weather events further amplify interest in distributed energy storage solutions.

REGIONAL ANALYSIS
The North America flow battery market growth assessment includes the analysis of the United States and Canada.
The United States dominates the North American market landscape through its substantial project pipeline and favorable policy environment. The federal government's commitment to clean energy transition manifests through multiple support mechanisms, including production tax credits, investment tax credits, and Department of Energy grant programs. These incentives dramatically reduce capital costs, making flow battery projects financially competitive against conventional alternatives.
Moreover, California leads state-level initiatives with its Self-Generation Incentive Program, providing direct rebates for energy storage installations. The California Independent System Operator pioneered market structures that appropriately value long-duration discharge capabilities, setting precedents adopted by other regional transmission organizations. Texas presents significant growth opportunities driven by grid reliability concerns following recent power system failures during extreme weather events. The state's independent grid operator actively procures ancillary services where flow batteries demonstrate competitive advantages.
Meanwhile, the Northeast region pursues aggressive decarbonization timelines necessitating substantial storage deployments to integrate offshore wind generation. New York's Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act mandates 3,000 MW of energy storage by 2030, creating sustained demand visibility. Industrial applications gain traction as manufacturing facilities seek energy cost management solutions amid volatile electricity prices. Data center expansion, particularly concentrated in Virginia, drives commercial demand for reliable backup power exceeding traditional generator capabilities.
The United States market benefits from domestic manufacturing investments that strengthen supply chain resilience and create high-quality employment opportunities. Several flow battery manufacturers operate production facilities within the country, reducing lead times and transportation costs for domestic projects. Research institutions, including national laboratories, collaborate extensively with private sector partners, advancing next-generation technologies. These partnerships accelerate the commercialization of innovations in membrane materials, electrolyte formulations, and system integration approaches.
However, challenges persist, including interconnection queue delays that extend project development timelines. Permitting processes vary significantly across jurisdictions, creating uncertainty for developers and increasing soft costs. Nevertheless, utilities demonstrate growing sophistication in evaluating and procuring flow battery systems for diverse applications. Investor confidence strengthens as operational track records accumulate, demonstrating reliable performance across various climate zones and use cases. The regulatory trajectory clearly favors continued market expansion, with bipartisan infrastructure legislation providing additional funding for grid modernization and clean energy deployment.
Canada's flow battery market develops steadily, supported by provincial renewable energy targets and federal climate commitments. Ontario and Alberta lead adoption driven by grid reliability requirements and renewable integration challenges. The country's vast geography and numerous remote communities create unique opportunities for microgrid applications where flow batteries provide exceptional value. Indigenous communities increasingly deploy hybrid renewable-storage systems for energy independence, reducing reliance on expensive diesel fuel deliveries.
Natural Resources Canada provides funding programs supporting clean energy technology demonstrations and deployments. Provincial utilities conduct pilot projects evaluating flow battery performance in cold climate conditions, addressing technical considerations specific to northern regions. Export opportunities emerge as Canadian manufacturers develop cold-weather-optimized systems suitable for international markets with similar climate profiles. The country's mining sector represents a significant potential market, with operations seeking reliable off-grid power solutions that reduce environmental impacts and operational costs.

SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS
The North America flow battery market is segmented into offering, battery type, material, ownership, storage, and application. The offering segment is further categorized into energy storage system, battery, and service.
The energy storage system segment dominates North American demand as customers increasingly prefer turnkey solutions over component-level purchases. Utilities and large commercial customers lack internal engineering resources for custom integration, making complete packaged systems highly attractive. These comprehensive offerings include power conversion equipment, control systems, monitoring software, and installation services with single-point accountability.
Moreover, performance guarantees provided by system integrators reduce project risk for buyers navigating relatively new technology adoption. The segment benefits from standardization efforts that reduce engineering costs and accelerate deployment timelines. Manufacturers develop modular containerized configurations specifically optimized for North American market requirements, including cold weather operation and seismic resilience.
Energy-as-a-service business models gain traction within this segment, enabling customers to access storage benefits without capital expenditure requirements. Third-party operators install complete systems on customer premises, monetizing them through multiple revenue streams, including utility programs and energy savings sharing. This approach particularly appeals to commercial and industrial customers focused on core business operations rather than energy infrastructure management.

COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
Some of the top players operating in the North America flow battery market include CellCube Inc, ESS Tech Inc, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Invinity Energy Systems, etc.
ESS Tech Inc stands as a prominent American manufacturer specializing in iron-based flow battery technology for commercial and utility applications. The company operates from its headquarters in Wilsonville, Oregon, where it maintains manufacturing facilities producing its Energy Warehouse platform. ESS Tech focuses on long-duration energy storage solutions utilizing environmentally safe, earth-abundant iron electrolyte rather than vanadium or other expensive materials.
This strategic choice positions the company competitively on cost while eliminating supply chain vulnerabilities associated with rare materials. The Energy Warehouse product line offers scalable configurations ranging from 50 kW to multi-megawatt installations suitable for diverse customer requirements. Additionally, ESS Tech targets utility-scale deployments, commercial and industrial facilities, and microgrid applications where extended discharge duration provides maximum value.
The company went public through a SPAC merger in 2021, providing capital for production scaling and market expansion. Its all-iron chemistry delivers safety advantages through non-flammable, non-toxic electrolytes that simplify permitting and insurance processes. ESS Tech maintains strategic partnerships with leading engineering firms and utilities, accelerating market penetration across North America.

COMPANY PROFILES
1. CELLCUBE INC
2. DALIAN RONGKE POWER CO LTD
3. ELESTOR BV
4. ESS TECH INC
5. INVINITY ENERGY SYSTEMS
6. LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION
7. PRIMUS POWER SOLUTIONS
8. REDFLOW LIMITED
9. SCHMID GROUP
10. STRYTEN ENERGY
11. SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LTD
12. VANADIS POWER GMBH
13. VIZN ENERGY SYSTEMS
14. VRB ENERGY

 

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. RESEARCH SCOPE & METHODOLOGY
1.1. STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2. METHODOLOGY
1.3. ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. MARKET SIZE & FORECAST
2.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
2.3. SCOPE OF STUDY
2.4. CRISIS SCENARIO ANALYSIS
2.5. MAJOR MARKET FINDINGS
2.5.1. THE FLOW BATTERY MARKET IS EXPERIENCING STRONG GROWTH DUE TO INCREASING DEMAND FOR LONG-DURATION ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS
2.5.2. VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERIES CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE MARKET OWING TO THEIR HIGH CYCLING STABILITY AND SCALABILITY
2.5.3. NON-VANADIUM FLOW BATTERIES SUCH AS ZINC-BROMINE AND IRON-CHROMIUM ARE GAINING TRACTION DUE TO LOWER MATERIAL COSTS
3. MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. KEY DRIVERS
3.1.1. RISING DEPLOYMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIRING GRID-STABLE STORAGE SYSTEMS
3.1.2. GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES AND POLICY SUPPORT FOR ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
3.1.3. INCREASING INVESTMENT IN MICROGRID AND OFF-GRID POWER PROJECTS
3.1.4. ADVANCEMENTS IN ELECTROLYTE AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCING PERFORMANCE
3.2. KEY RESTRAINTS
3.2.1. HIGH INITIAL CAPITAL COST COMPARED TO LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
3.2.2. LIMITED AVAILABILITY AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF VANADIUM MATERIALS
3.2.3. LOW MARKET AWARENESS AND LACK OF STANDARDIZATION IN DEPLOYMENT
3.2.4. LARGE SYSTEM FOOTPRINT MAKING INSTALLATION CHALLENGING IN SPACE-CONSTRAINED SITES
4. KEY ANALYTICS
4.1. KEY MARKET TRENDS
4.1.1. SHIFT TOWARD HYBRID STORAGE SYSTEMS COMBINING FLOW AND LITHIUM-ION TECHNOLOGIES
4.1.2. INCREASED COMMERCIALIZATION OF ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS FLOW BATTERIES
4.1.3. GROWING ADOPTION IN DATA CENTERS AND UTILITY-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE PROJECTS
4.1.4. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS TARGETING MODULAR AND CONTAINERIZED SYSTEM DESIGNS
4.2. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
4.2.1. BUYERS POWER
4.2.2. SUPPLIERS POWER
4.2.3. SUBSTITUTION
4.2.4. NEW ENTRANTS
4.2.5. INDUSTRY RIVALRY
4.3. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING
4.3.1. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR NORTH AMERICA
4.4. MARKET MATURITY ANALYSIS
4.5. MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
4.6. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
4.6.1. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
4.6.2. ELECTROLYTE MANUFACTURERS
4.6.3. MEMBRANE AND STACK PRODUCERS
4.6.4. SYSTEM INTEGRATORS
4.6.5. PROJECT DEVELOPERS
4.6.6. UTILITY AND COMMERCIAL END USERS
4.7. KEY BUYING CRITERIA
4.7.1. COST PER KWH
4.7.2. CYCLE LIFE
4.7.3. SCALABILITY
4.7.4. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
4.8. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
5. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY OFFERING
5.1. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
5.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
5.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
5.2. BATTERY
5.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
5.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
5.3. SERVICE
5.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
5.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
6. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY BATTERY TYPE
6.1. REDOX
6.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
6.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
6.2. HYBRID
6.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
6.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY MATERIAL
7.1. VANADIUM
7.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
7.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7.2. ZINC-BROMINE
7.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
7.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7.3. IRON
7.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
7.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
7.4. OTHER MATERIALS
7.4.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
7.4.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
8. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY OWNERSHIP
8.1. CUSTOMER-OWNED
8.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
8.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
8.2. THIRD-PARTY-OWNED
8.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
8.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
8.3. GRID/UTILITY-OWNED
8.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
8.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
9. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY STORAGE
9.1. LARGE-SCALE
9.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
9.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
9.2. SMALL-SCALE
9.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
9.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
10. FLOW BATTERY MARKET BY APPLICATION
10.1. GRID/UTILITY
10.1.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
10.1.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
10.2. COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
10.2.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
10.2.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
10.3. EV CHARGING STATION
10.3.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
10.3.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
10.4. OTHER APPLICATIONS
10.4.1. MARKET FORECAST FIGURE
10.4.2. SEGMENT ANALYSIS
11. GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
11.1. NORTH AMERICA
11.1.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
11.1.2. NORTH AMERICA MARKET DRIVERS
11.1.3. NORTH AMERICA MARKET CHALLENGES
11.1.4. KEY PLAYERS IN NORTH AMERICA FLOW BATTERY MARKET
11.1.5. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
11.1.5.1. UNITED STATES
11.1.5.1.1. UNITED STATES MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
11.1.5.2. CANADA
11.1.5.2.1. CANADA MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
12. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1. KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
12.1.1. MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
12.1.2. PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
12.1.3. PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
12.1.4. BUSINESS EXPANSIONS & DIVESTITURES
12.2. COMPANY PROFILES
12.2.1. CELLCUBE INC
12.2.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.1.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.1.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.2. DALIAN RONGKE POWER CO LTD
12.2.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.2.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.2.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.3. ELESTOR BV
12.2.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.3.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.3.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.4. ESS TECH INC
12.2.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.4.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.4.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.5. INVINITY ENERGY SYSTEMS
12.2.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.5.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.5.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.6. LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION
12.2.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.6.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.6.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.7. PRIMUS POWER SOLUTIONS
12.2.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.7.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.7.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.8. REDFLOW LIMITED
12.2.8.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.8.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.8.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.9. SCHMID GROUP
12.2.9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.9.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.9.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.10. STRYTEN ENERGY
12.2.10.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.10.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.10.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.11. SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LTD
12.2.11.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.11.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.11.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.12. VANADIS POWER GMBH
12.2.12.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.12.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.12.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.13. VIZN ENERGY SYSTEMS
12.2.13.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.13.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.13.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
12.2.14. VRB ENERGY
12.2.14.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
12.2.14.2. PRODUCTS LIST
12.2.14.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES








LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: MARKET SNAPSHOT – FLOW BATTERY
TABLE 2: MARKET BY OFFERING, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 3: MARKET BY OFFERING, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 4: MARKET BY BATTERY TYPE, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 5: MARKET BY BATTERY TYPE, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 6: MARKET BY MATERIAL, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 7: MARKET BY MATERIAL, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 8: MARKET BY OWNERSHIP, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 9: MARKET BY OWNERSHIP, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 10: MARKET BY STORAGE, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 11: MARKET BY STORAGE, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 12: MARKET BY APPLICATION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 13: MARKET BY APPLICATION, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 14: NORTH AMERICA MARKET, COUNTRY ANALYSIS, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 15: NORTH AMERICA MARKET, COUNTRY ANALYSIS, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 16: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN THE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET
TABLE 17: LIST OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
TABLE 18: LIST OF PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 19: LIST OF PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
TABLE 20: LIST OF BUSINESS EXPANSIONS & DIVESTITURES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: KEY MARKET TRENDS
FIGURE 2: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
FIGURE 3: GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR NORTH AMERICA
FIGURE 4: MARKET MATURITY ANALYSIS
FIGURE 5: MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
FIGURE 6: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
FIGURE 7: KEY BUYING CRITERIA
FIGURE 8: SEGMENT GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY OFFERING, IN 2024
FIGURE 9: ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 10: BATTERY MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 11: SERVICE MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 12: MARKET GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY BATTERY TYPE, IN 2024
FIGURE 13: REDOX MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 14: HYBRID MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 15: SEGMENT GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY MATERIAL, IN 2024
FIGURE 16: VANADIUM MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 17: ZINC-BROMINE MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 18: IRON MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 19: OTHER MATERIALS MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 20: SEGMENT GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY OWNERSHIP, IN 2024
FIGURE 21: CUSTOMER-OWNED MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 22: THIRD-PARTY-OWNED MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 23: GRID/UTILITY-OWNED MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 24: SEGMENT GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY STORAGE, IN 2024
FIGURE 25: LARGE-SCALE MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 26: SMALL-SCALE MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 27: SEGMENT GROWTH POTENTIAL, BY APPLICATION, IN 2024
FIGURE 28: GRID/UTILITY MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 29: COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 30: EV CHARGING STATION MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 31: OTHER APPLICATIONS MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 32: NORTH AMERICA FLOW BATTERY MARKET, COUNTRY OUTLOOK, 2024 & 2032 (IN %)
FIGURE 33: UNITED STATES MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
FIGURE 34: CANADA MARKET SIZE, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)

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List of Tables/Graphs

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: MARKET SNAPSHOT – FLOW BATTERY
TABLE 2: MARKET BY OFFERING, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 3: MARKET BY OFFERING, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 4: MARKET BY BATTERY TYPE, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 5: MARKET BY BATTERY TYPE, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 6: MARKET BY MATERIAL, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 7: MARKET BY MATERIAL, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 8: MARKET BY OWNERSHIP, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 9: MARKET BY OWNERSHIP, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 10: MARKET BY STORAGE, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 11: MARKET BY STORAGE, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 12: MARKET BY APPLICATION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 13: MARKET BY APPLICATION, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 14: NORTH AMERICA MARKET, COUNTRY ANALYSIS, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2023 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 15: NORTH AMERICA MARKET, COUNTRY ANALYSIS, FORECAST YEARS, 2025-2032 (IN $ MILLION)
TABLE 16: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN THE NORTH AMERICAN MARKET
TABLE 17: LIST OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
TABLE 18: LIST OF PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 19: LIST OF PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
TABLE 20: LIST OF BUSINESS EXPANSIONS & DIVESTITURES