Summary

＜P＞The global consumer IAM market size is projected to grow from USD 14.12 billion in 2025 to USD 22.47 billion by 2030 at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.7% during the forecast period.

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The adoption of CIAM is increasingly driven by insurance and risk management requirements, as organizations aim to comply with evolving cyber regulations, satisfy quantum-resilient coverage standards, mitigate potential liabilities, and ensure the long-term protection of sensitive and critical data, thereby reducing exposure to future quantum-enabled cyberattacks and breaches.
"By vertical, the BFSI segment accounts for the largest market share."
The BFSI sector represents the largest vertical in the Consumer Identity and Access Management (CIAM) market, driven by the rise of digital banking, mobile payments, and regulatory mandates for secure customer data handling. Financial institutions are increasingly relying on CIAM platforms to combat identity theft, fraud, and unauthorized access, while ensuring compliance with frameworks such as GDPR, PSD2, and KYC/AML requirements. According to a 2024 IBM Security report, the financial services sector accounts for 18% of all data breaches globally, underscoring its heightened vulnerability. Banks and fintech firms are integrating adaptive authentication, AI-based behavioral analytics, and biometric verification to deliver seamless yet secure user experiences. For instance, HSBC adopted Ping Identity’s CIAM solution to centralize customer identity management and strengthen multi-factor authentication across digital channels, improving both compliance and customer trust. The BFSI sector’s continued push toward open banking and digital transformation makes CIAM indispensable for enabling frictionless, compliant, and scalable identity ecosystems across global financial networks.
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By offering, the services segment is expected to account for the highest growth rate during the forecast period."
The services segment is the fastest-growing category in the CIAM market, driven by increasing demand from enterprises for expert-led implementation and continuous platform optimization. It includes integration & deployment, support & maintenance, and consulting services, which ensure smooth adoption, system interoperability, and regulatory compliance. As organizations modernize their legacy identity systems, the need for professional integration with cloud and hybrid infrastructures has increased significantly. Ongoing maintenance services are crucial for addressing evolving security threats and efficiently managing large-scale customer databases. For example, enterprises adopting CIAM platforms often rely on managed service providers to customize authentication frameworks and monitor real-time threats. The rapid digital transformation across the BFSI, retail, and healthcare sectors further accelerates the demand for scalable, secure, and continuously managed CIAM services.
“By region, North America is estimated to account for the largest market size.”
North America remains the largest market for CIAM solutions, driven by rapid digital transformation, strong regulatory enforcement, and a growing need for secure and seamless customer identity experiences. The region faces an escalating identity fraud problem, with the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reporting over 1.1 million identity theft cases in 2024, reflecting sustained threats across financial, retail, and healthcare sectors. Organizations are increasingly adopting AI-enhanced CIAM solutions that feature adaptive authentication, biometric verification, and behavioral analytics to mitigate these risks while enhancing customer convenience. For instance, Wells Fargo deployed an AI-powered CIAM framework to strengthen fraud detection and reduce account takeover incidents across digital banking channels. The widespread use of cloud-based CIAM services, supported by high enterprise cloud maturity in the US and Canada, continues to fuel growth as businesses transition to passwordless, compliance-ready identity systems. Furthermore, privacy regulations such as CCPA and Quebec’s Law 25 are compelling enterprises to invest in solutions that ensure transparency, consent management, and regulatory adherence, solidifying North America’s leadership in the CIAM landscape.
Breakdown of primaries
The study draws insights from a range of industry experts, including component suppliers, Tier 1 companies, and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows:
? By Company Type: Tier 1 ? 43%, Tier 2 ? 36%, and Tier 3 ? 21%
? By Designation: C-level Executives ? 58%, Directors ? 32% and Other Levels ? 10%
? By Region: North America ? 55%, Asia Pacific ? 12%, Europe ? 19%, Middle East and Africa ? 9%, Latin America ? 5%
The key players in the consumer IAM market include are IBM (US), Okta (US), SAP (US), Microsoft (US), Ping Identity (US), Thales (France), Broadcom (US), AWS (US), Salesforce (US), OpenText (Canada), Akamai Technology (US), Deloitte (UK), HID Global (US), CyberArk (US), Nevis Security (Switzerland), Simeio Solutions (US), Ubisecure (Finland), OneLogin (US), SecureAuth (US), LoginRadius (Canada), IDology (US), Omada Identity (Denmark), WSO2 (US), WidasConcepts (Germany), FusionAuth (US), Transmit Security (Israel), IDnow (Germany), MiniOrange (US), Strivacity (US), and others.
The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key players in the consumer IAM market, their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage
The report segments the consumer IAM market and forecasts its size By Offering: Solutions (Identity Administration, PII Management and Analytics, Access Management, Fraud Detection, Others), Services (Integration and Deployment, Support and Maintenance, Consulting), By Authentication Type: Multi Factor Authentication, SSO, Passwordless Authentication, By Deployment Mode: Cloud, On-premises, Hybrid, By Organization Size: SMBs, Large Enterprises, By Vertical: BFSI, Hospitality, Healthcare, Retail and E-commerce, Telecommunications, Education, Government, Energy and Utilities, Manufacturing, iGaming, Other Verticals, and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America). The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the market's key players, their company profiles, key observations related to product and business offerings, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report
The report will help market leaders and new entrants with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall Consumer IAM market and its subsegments. It will also help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights into better positioning their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the market pulse and provides information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
The report provides insights into the following pointers:
? Analysis of key drivers (Rising security breaches and cyberattacks, Growing demand for frictionless customer experiences, Rising identity theft and fraud, Increasing concern about access privileges, Growing emphasis on stringent regulatory compliance, Rise of AI and Machine Learning in Identity Verification), restraints (Lack of identity standards and budgetary constraints, High cost of deployment and maintenance for large enterprise), opportunities (Lack of identity standards and budgetary constraints, High cost of deployment and maintenance for large enterprise), and challenges (Scarcity of skilled cybersecurity professionals, Difficulties in addressing complexity of advanced threats).
? Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and product & service launches in the consumer IAM market.
? Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets ? the report analyzes the consumer IAM market across varied regions.
? Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the consumer IAM market.
? Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players such as IBM (US), Okta (US), SAP (US), Microsoft (US), Ping Identity (US), Thales (France), Broadcom (US), AWS (US), Salesforce (US), OpenText (Canada), Akamai Technology (US), Deloitte (UK), HID Global (US), CyberArk (US), Nevis Security (Switzerland), Simeio Solutions (US), Ubisecure (Finland), OneLogin (US), SecureAuth (US), LoginRadius (Canada), IDlogy (US), Omada Identity (Denmark), WSO2 (US), WidasConcepts (Germany), FusionAuth (US), Transmit Security (Israel), IDnow (Germany), MiniOrange (US), and Strivacity (US).

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Table of Contents

＜P＞1 INTRODUCTION 34
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 34
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 35
1.2.1 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 39
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 40
1.3.1 YEARS CONSIDERED 41
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 41
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 42
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 42
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 42
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 43
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 43
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 44
2.1.1.1 List of secondary sources 45
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 46
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 46
2.1.2.1 Primary participants 47
2.1.2.2 Key industry insights and breakdown of primary interviews 47
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primary interviews 48
2.1.2.4 List of primary interview participants 48
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 49
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 50
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 50
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 52
2.4 FACTOR ANALYSIS 54
2.5 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 54
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 55
2.7 RISK ASSESSMENT 56
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 57
3.1 KEY INSIGHTS AND MARKET HIGHLIGHTS 57
3.2 KEY MARKET PARTICIPANTS: SHARE INSIGHTS AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS 58
3.3 DISRUPTIVE TRENDS SHAPING MARKET 59
3.4 HIGH-GROWTH SEGMENTS AND EMERGING FRONTIERS 60
3.5 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE, GROWTH RATE, AND FORECAST 61
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4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 62
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 62
4.2 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION 63
4.3 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE 63
4.4 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 64
4.5 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED 64
4.6 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE 65
4.7 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE 65
4.8 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS 66
4.9 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 66
4.10 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 67
4.11 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE 67
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 68
5.1 INTRODUCTION 68
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 69
5.2.1 DRIVERS 69
5.2.1.1 Fleet electrification for urban and commercial mobility 69
5.2.1.2 Advancements in battery systems 70
5.2.1.3 Collaborations between OEMs, electric two wheeler manufacturers, and fleet operators 72
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 72
5.2.2.1 Charging infrastructure gaps in many emerging economies and range performance issues 72
5.2.2.2 Battery heating problems and long charging times 75
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 75
5.2.3.1 Lightweight design and shared vehicle architecture innovation 75
5.2.3.2 Transition to modular and swappable energy platforms 76
5.2.3.3 Software ecosystem development and digital value chain expansion 77
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 77
5.2.4.1 Reliability of thermal and power electronics in urban operating conditions 77
5.2.4.2 Lack of standardization in battery communication and swapping protocols 78
5.3 UNMET NEEDS AND WHITE SPACES 80
5.3.1 UNMET NEEDS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 80
5.3.2 WHITE SPACE OPPORTUNITIES 80
5.4 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS AND CROSS-SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES 81
5.4.1 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS 81
5.4.2 CROSS-SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES 81
5.5 STRATEGIC MOVES BY TIER 1/2/3 PLAYERS 82
5.5.1 STRATEGIC MOVES BY TIER 1/2/3 PLAYERS 82
5.6 PATENT ANALYSIS 83
5.7 IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 86
5.7.1 PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OPTIMIZATION 86
5.7.2 INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY 86
5.7.3 PERSONALIZATION AND USER EXPERIENCE ENHANCEMENT 87
5.7.4 ADVANCED BATTERY MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY OPTIMIZATION 87
5.8 ACOUSTIC VEHICLE ALERTING SYSTEM (AVAS) IN ELECTRIC 2-WHEELERS 88
5.8.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND MANDATES 88
5.8.2 AVAS INTEGRATION IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS 88
5.8.3 COMPONENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN TRENDS 89
5.8.3.1 Typical setup 89
5.8.3.2 Design trends 89
5.8.4 FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS IN SOUND SIGNATURE AND SMART AVAS 89
5.8.4.1 Dynamic sound profiles 89
5.8.4.2 Psychoacoustic tuning 90
5.9 EMERGING BUSINESS MODELS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 90
5.9.1 SUBSCRIPTION-BASED AND LEASING MODELS 90
5.9.2 BATTERY SWAPPING AND ENERGY-AS-A-SERVICE (EAAS) 90
5.9.3 SHARED MOBILITY AND FLEET ELECTRIFICATION 91
5.9.4 BATTERY-AS-A-SERVICE (BAAS) 92
5.9.5 DIGITAL SERVICE MONETIZATION 92
5.10 KEY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 92
5.10.1 INTEGRATED POWERTRAIN MODULES 92
5.10.2 SOLID-STATE BATTERY (SSB) 93
5.10.3 SMART CHARGING SYSTEMS 93
5.11 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES 94
5.11.1 BATTERY SWAPPING IN ELECTRIC SCOOTERS 94
5.11.2 INTERNET OF THINGS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS 95
5.11.3 SHARED MOBILITY 96
5.11.4 BATTERY-RELATED SERVICES 96
5.11.5 VEHICLE INTELLIGENCE & CONNECTIVITY STACK 96
5.12 TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT ROADMAP 97
5.12.1 SHORT-TERM (2025-2027) | FOUNDATION AND EARLY COMMERCIALIZATION 97
5.12.2 MID-TERM (2028-2030) | EXPANSION AND STANDARDIZATION 97
5.12.3 LONG-TERM (2031-2035+) | MASS COMMERCIALIZATION & DISRUPTION 98
5.13 BILL OF MATERIALS 99
5.14 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP 101
5.15 OEM ANALYSIS 102
5.15.1 PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF KEY OEMS 102
5.15.2 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 105
5.15.2.1 Honda 105
5.15.2.2 Yamaha 105
5.15.2.3 BMW Motorrad 105
5.15.2.4 Piaggio Group (Vespa/Piaggio) 106
5.15.2.5 Ather Energy 106
5.15.2.6 Ola Electric 106
5.15.2.7 NIU (China/Global) 107
5.15.3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MOTOR POWER AND VEHICLE RANGE ACROSS VOLTAGE LEVEL 107
5.16 FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER ECOSYSTEM 108
5.16.1 BATTERY INNOVATIONS AND ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS 108
5.16.1.1 Solid-state and semi-solid batteries 108
5.16.1.2 Fast charging and smart charging infrastructure 108
5.16.1.3 Battery management systems 109
5.16.1.4 Second-life & recycling 109
5.16.2 SMART/ADAPTIVE RIDE MODES AND AI 109
5.16.2.1 Personalized ride modes 109
5.16.2.2 Terrain and traffic adaptation 109
5.16.3 ADVANCED RIDER/VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEMS 110
5.16.3.1 AI-based collision avoidance 110
5.16.3.2 Connected helmets & wearables 110
5.16.3.3 Blind-spot monitoring & alerts 110
5.16.4 ADVANCED RIDER/VEHICLE SAFETY SYSTEMS 110
5.16.4.1 Valet parking & remote summon 110
5.16.4.2 Self-balancing & self-righting concepts 111
5.16.4.3 Convoy/Ride-following modes 111
5.17 MACROECONOMICS INDICATORS 111
5.17.1 INTRODUCTION 111
5.17.2 GDP TRENDS AND FORECAST 111
5.17.3 TRENDS IN GLOBAL TWO WHEELER INDUSTRY (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES) 112
5.17.4 TRENDS IN GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY 113
5.18 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 114
5.19 PRICING ANALYSIS 115
5.19.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2022-2024 115
5.19.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE FOR VEHICLE TYPES BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024 115
5.19.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION, 2022-2024 117
5.20 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 119
5.20.1 RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 120
5.20.2 COMPONENT SUPPLIERS 120
5.20.3 BATTERY PACK MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS 120
5.20.4 CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS 120
5.20.5 ELECTRIC SCOOTER AND MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURERS 120
5.21 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 122
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5.22 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 123
5.22.1 GENZE PARTNERED WITH LEEWAYHERTZ FOR INTEGRATION OF ELECTRIC SCOOTER WITH MOBILE APP 123
5.22.2 HERO ELECTRIC PARTNERED WITH EBIKEGO TO TRANSFORM LAST-MILE DELIVERIES 124
5.22.3 ZYPP ELECTRIC TO USE HERO ELECTRIC BIKES TO ELECTRIFY 100% LAST-MILE DELIVERY BY 2025 124
5.23 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 125
5.24 TRADE ANALYSIS 126
5.24.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 871190) 126
5.24.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 871190) 127
5.25 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025-2026 128
5.26 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 129
5.27 BUYER STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING EVALUATION CRITERIA 130
5.27.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 130
5.27.2 BUYING CRITERIA 131
5.28 ADOPTION BARRIERS AND INTERNAL CHALLENGES 132
5.29 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE AND COMPLIANCE 133
5.29.1 INDUSTRY STANDARDS 133
5.29.1.1 India 133
5.29.1.2 Thailand 136
5.29.1.3 Vietnam 136
5.29.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 137
5.30 SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES 140
5.30.1 CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION THROUGH GREEN MANUFACTURING 140
5.30.1.1 Renewable energy in factories 140
5.30.1.2 Materials and efficiency 140
5.30.1.3 Certifications and targets 140
5.30.2 ECO-APPLICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF ELECTRIFICATION 141
5.30.3 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS 141
5.30.3.1 Energy and emissions by phase 142
5.30.3.2 Battery production impact 142
6 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE 143
6.1 INTRODUCTION 144
6.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 147
6.2 E-SCOOTER/MOPED 148
6.2.1 GROWING FOCUS ON REDUCED EMISSIONS AND SUSTAINABLE MODELS TO DRIVE MARKET 148
6.3 E-MOTORCYCLE 150
6.3.1 RISING DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND LOW-MAINTENANCE MODELS TO DRIVE MARKET 150
6.4 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 152
7 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS 153
7.1 INTRODUCTION 154
7.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 156
7.2 ECONOMY 157
7.2.1 AVAILABILITY OF BUDGET-FRIENDLY FINANCING AND LEASING OPTIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 157
7.3 LUXURY 159
7.3.1 DEMAND FOR PREMIUM FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS TO DRIVE MARKET 159
7.4 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 161
8 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE 162
8.1 INTRODUCTION 163
8.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 165
8.2 36 V 169
8.2.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR SHORT COMMUTES TO DRIVE GROWTH 169
8.3 48 V 170
8.3.1 NEED FOR ADEQUATE POWER AND RANGE FOR URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMUTING TO DRIVE GROWTH 170
8.4 60 V 172
8.4.1 EMERGING DEMAND FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRIC SCOOTERS TO DRIVE GROWTH 172
8.5 72 V 173
8.5.1 IMPROVED BATTERY TECHNOLOGY AND CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE TO DRIVE GROWTH 173
8.6 ABOVE 72 V 175
8.6.1 INCREASED RANGE POTENTIAL AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE NEEDS TO DRIVE GROWTH 175
8.7 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 176
9 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE 177
9.1 INTRODUCTION 178
9.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 180
9.2 SEALED LEAD-ACID 181
9.2.1 LOW RANGE AND PERFORMANCE TO DECREASE DEMAND 181
9.3 LITHIUM-ION 183
9.3.1 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY TO DRIVE MARKET 183
9.4 NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE (NIMH) 185
9.5 SODIUM-ION 185
9.6 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 186
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10 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED 187
10.1 INTRODUCTION 188
10.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 190
10.2 BELOW 75 MILES 191
10.2.1 DOMINANT USE IN CITIES FOR SHORT COMMUTES TO DRIVE MARKET 191
10.3 75?100 MILES 193
10.3.1 VERSATILITY AND RANGE ANXIETY REDUCTION TO DRIVE MARKET 193
10.4 ABOVE 100 MILES 194
10.4.1 DEVELOPMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY TO DRIVE MARKET 194
10.5 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 196
11 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE 197
11.1 INTRODUCTION 198
11.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 200
11.2 PRIVATE 200
11.2.1 NEW RANGE OF PRODUCTS WITH REDUCED PRICES TO DRIVE MARKET 200
11.3 COMMERCIAL 202
11.3.1 OPERATIONAL AND COST EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE MARKET 202
11.4 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 204
12 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 205
12.1 INTRODUCTION 206
12.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 208
12.2 PLUG-IN 209
12.2.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF PUBLIC FAST CHARGING STATIONS FOR ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS TO DRIVE MARKET 209
12.3 BATTERY 211
12.3.1 ENABLES QUICK REFUELING BY EXCHANGING DEPLETED BATTERIES FOR FULLY CHARGED ONES AT DESIGNATED STATIONS 211
12.4 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 213
13 ELECTRIC SCOOTER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE 214
13.1 INTRODUCTION 215
13.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 217
13.2 MID-DRIVE MOTOR 218
13.2.1 HIGH TORQUE ADVANTAGE TO DRIVE MARKET 218
13.3 HUB MOTOR 219
13.3.1 INCREASING PRODUCTION OF VEHICLES WITH IN-WHEEL ELECTRIC MOTORS TO DRIVE MARKET 219
13.4 OTHERS 221
13.5 PRIMARY INSIGHTS 221
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14 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER 222
14.1 INTRODUCTION 223
14.1.1 OPERATIONAL DATA 225
14.2 LESS THAN 1.5 KW 226
14.2.1 LOWER PRICE TAG THAN HIGHER-POWERED MODELS TO DRIVE MARKET 226
14.3 1.5?3 KW 228
14.3.1 IMPROVED PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO LOWER-POWERED MODELS TO DRIVE MARKET 228
14.4 ABOVE 3 KW 229
14.4.1 DEMAND FOR HIGH SPEED AND ACCELERATION WITH LONGER RANGE TO DRIVE MARKET 229
14.5 KEY PRIMARY INSIGHTS 231
15 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION 232
15.1 INTRODUCTION 233
15.2 ASIA PACIFIC 235
15.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 235
15.2.2 CHINA 240
15.2.2.1 Increasing demand for electric scooters/mopeds in metropolitan cities to drive market 240
15.2.3 JAPAN 242
15.2.3.1 Investment in charging infrastructure and battery swapping technologies to drive market 242
15.2.4 INDIA 244
15.2.4.1 Introduction of Battery-as-a-Service model to drive market 244
15.2.5 SOUTH KOREA 245
15.2.5.1 Launch of innovative models by domestic OEMs to drive market 245
15.2.6 TAIWAN 247
15.2.6.1 Focus on advanced electric two wheeler technologies that are energy-efficient and environmentally friendly to drive market 247
15.2.7 THAILAND 248
15.2.7.1 Strong government support for electric vehicle adoption to drive market 248
15.2.8 INDONESIA 249
15.2.8.1 Growth of online sales of electric vehicles and domestic manufacturing to drive market 249
15.2.9 MALAYSIA 252
15.2.9.1 Introduction of battery swapping points to drive market 252
15.2.10 PHILIPPINES 253
15.2.10.1 Growing EV ecosystem to support market growth 253
15.2.11 VIETNAM 255
15.2.11.1 Shift toward sustainable transportation to drive market 255
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15.3 EUROPE 256
15.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 256
15.3.2 FRANCE 262
15.3.2.1 Government incentive programs to fuel market 262
15.3.3 GERMANY 264
15.3.3.1 Growing demand for energy-efficient commuting modes to drive market 264
15.3.4 SPAIN 265
15.3.4.1 NECP’s plan for five million electric vehicles on road by 2030 to drive market 265
15.3.5 AUSTRIA 267
15.3.5.1 Subsidies and tax exemptions for electric two wheelers to drive market 267
15.3.6 UK 268
15.3.6.1 Increasing concerns regarding two wheeler carbon emissions to drive market 268
15.3.7 ITALY 269
15.3.7.1 Increasing presence of key players to support market growth 269
15.3.8 BELGIUM 271
15.3.8.1 Strong government support to promote electric two wheelers to drive market 271
15.3.9 NETHERLANDS 272
15.3.9.1 Development of charging infrastructure to drive market 272
15.3.10 POLAND 274
15.3.10.1 Growing focus on emission reduction to drive market 274
15.3.11 DENMARK 275
15.3.11.1 Government support to develop charging infrastructure to drive market 275
15.4 NORTH AMERICA 276
15.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK 277
15.4.2 US 280
15.4.2.1 R&D of new EV-related technologies to drive market 280
15.4.3 CANADA 282
15.4.3.1 High demand for electric scooters among young population to drive market 282
16 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 284
16.1 OVERVIEW 284
16.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2022?2025 284
16.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER PROVIDERS, 2024 286
16.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2020?2024 288
16.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 289
16.5.1 COMPANY VALUATION 289
16.5.2 FINANCIAL METRICS 290
16.6 PRODUCT COMPARISON 290
16.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX 291
16.7.1 STARS 291
16.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS 291
16.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 291
16.7.4 PARTICIPANTS 292
16.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT 293
16.8 STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX 295
16.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 295
16.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 295
16.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 296
16.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS 296
16.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 297
16.8.5.1 Key startups/SMEs 297
16.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs 298
16.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 298
16.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 298
16.9.2 DEALS 300
16.9.3 EXPANSIONS 301
16.9.4 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 302
17 COMPANY PROFILES 303
17.1 KEY PLAYERS 303
17.1.1 OLA ELECTRIC 303
17.1.1.1 Business overview 303
17.1.1.2 Products offered 305
17.1.1.3 Recent developments 305
17.1.1.3.1 Product launches/developments 305
17.1.1.3.2 Expansions 306
17.1.1.3.3 Others 306
17.1.1.4 MnM view 306
17.1.1.4.1 Key strengths 306
17.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices 306
17.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 307
17.1.2 BAJAJ AUTO LTD. 308
17.1.2.1 Business overview 308
17.1.2.2 Products offered 309
17.1.2.3 Recent developments 309
17.1.2.3.1 Product launches/developments 309
17.1.2.4 MnM view 310
17.1.2.4.1 Key strengths 310
17.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices 310
17.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 310
17.1.3 TVS MOTOR COMPANY 311
17.1.3.1 Business overview 311
17.1.3.2 Products offered 312
17.1.3.3 Recent developments 312
17.1.3.3.1 Product launches/upgrades 312
17.1.3.3.2 Deals 312
17.1.3.3.3 Others 313
17.1.3.4 MnM view 313
17.1.3.4.1 Key strengths 313
17.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices 313
17.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 313
17.1.4 ATHER ENERGY 314
17.1.4.1 Business overview 314
17.1.4.2 Products offered 316
17.1.4.3 Recent developments 316
17.1.4.3.1 Product launches/developments 316
17.1.4.3.2 Deals 317
17.1.4.4 MnM view 317
17.1.4.4.1 Key strengths 317
17.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices 317
17.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 317
17.1.5 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. 318
17.1.5.1 Business overview 318
17.1.5.2 Products offered 319
17.1.5.3 Recent developments 320
17.1.5.3.1 Product launches/developments 320
17.1.5.3.2 Deals 322
17.1.5.3.3 Expansions 323
17.1.5.3.4 Others 324
17.1.5.4 MnM view 325
17.1.5.4.1 Key strengths 325
17.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices 325
17.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 325
17.1.6 HERO ELECTRIC 326
17.1.6.1 Business overview 326
17.1.6.2 Products offered 326
17.1.6.3 Recent developments 327
17.1.6.3.1 Product launches/developments 327
17.1.6.3.2 Deals 327
17.1.6.3.3 Expansions 328
?
17.1.7 GOGORO 329
17.1.7.1 Business overview 329
17.1.7.2 Products offered 330
17.1.7.3 Recent developments 330
17.1.7.3.1 Product/technology launches 330
17.1.7.3.2 Deals 332
17.1.8 VMOTO LIMITED 334
17.1.8.1 Business overview 334
17.1.8.2 Products offered 335
17.1.8.3 Recent developments 336
17.1.8.3.1 Product launches/developments 336
17.1.8.3.2 Deals 336
17.1.8.3.3 Expansions 337
17.1.8.3.4 Others 338
17.1.9 NIU INTERNATIONAL 339
17.1.9.1 Business overview 339
17.1.9.2 Products offered 341
17.1.9.3 Recent developments 342
17.1.9.3.1 Product launches/developments 342
17.1.9.3.2 Deals 343
17.1.10 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD. 344
17.1.10.1 Business overview 344
17.1.10.2 Products offered 345
17.1.10.3 Recent developments 346
17.1.10.3.1 Product launches/developments 346
17.1.10.3.2 Deals 347
17.1.10.3.3 Expansions 347
17.1.11 IDEANOMICS, INC. 348
17.1.11.1 Business overview 348
17.1.11.2 Products offered 348
17.1.11.3 Recent developments 349
17.1.11.3.1 Product launches/developments 349
17.1.11.3.2 Deals 349
17.1.11.3.3 Expansions 351
17.1.12 ASKOLL EVA S.P.A. 352
17.1.12.1 Business overview 352
17.1.12.2 Products offered 353
17.1.12.3 Recent developments 353
17.1.12.3.1 Deals 353
17.1.12.3.2 Others 354
?
17.2 OTHER PLAYERS 355
17.2.1 ULTRAVIOLETTE AUTOMOTIVE 355
17.2.2 REVOLT INTELLICORP PRIVATE LIMITED (REVOLT MOTORS) 356
17.2.3 Z ELECTRIC VEHICLE 357
17.2.4 CAKE 357
17.2.5 LIGHTNING MOTORCYCLES 358
17.2.6 JOHAMMER E-MOBILITY GMBH 358
17.2.7 PIAGGIO GROUP 359
17.2.8 KTM AG 359
17.2.9 HARLEY DAVIDSON 360
17.2.10 BMW GROUP 361
17.2.11 AIMA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. 361
17.2.12 HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. 362
17.2.13 GREAVES ELECTRIC MOBILITY PRIVATE LIMITED (AMPERE VEHICLES) 362
17.2.14 DONGGUAN TAILING ELECTRIC VEHICLE CO., LTD. 363
17.2.15 ?EZETA 363
17.2.16 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION 363
17.2.17 NEXZU MOBILITY LTD. (AVAN MOTORS INDIA) 364
17.2.18 EMFLUX MOTORS 365
17.2.19 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD. 365
17.2.20 DAMON MOTORS INC. 366
17.2.21 VIAR MOTOR INDONESIA 366
17.2.22 SELIS 367
17.2.23 GESITS 367
17.2.24 UNITED E-MOTOR 368
17.2.25 SMOOT ELEKTRIK 368
17.2.26 PT VOLTA INDONESIA SEMESTA (VOLTA) 369
17.2.27 ALVA 369
17.2.28 NUSA MOTORS 370
17.2.29 BF GOODRICH 371
18 APPENDIX 372
18.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 372
18.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 375
18.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 377
18.3.1 ELECTRIC SCOOTER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE AT COUNTRY LEVEL (FOR COUNTRIES COVERED IN THE REPORT) 377
18.3.2 PROFILING OF ADDITIONAL MARKET PLAYERS (UP TO 5) 377
18.4 RELATED REPORTS 377
18.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 378

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List of Tables/Graphs

＜P＞TABLE 1 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE TYPE 36
TABLE 2 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY BATTERY TYPE 36
TABLE 3 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 37
TABLE 4 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY VEHICLE CLASS 37
TABLE 5 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY USAGE 37
TABLE 6 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY MOTOR TYPE 37
TABLE 7 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY MOTOR POWER 38
TABLE 8 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY DISTANCE COVERED 38
TABLE 9 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET DEFINITION, BY VOLTAGE TYPE 38
TABLE 10 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 39
TABLE 11 USD EXCHANGE RATES 41
TABLE 12 ELECTRIFICATION TARGETS OF KEY COUNTRIES IN ASIA PACIFIC 70
TABLE 13 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING POINTS, BY EMERGING ECONOMIES, 2024 73
TABLE 14 MODEL-WISE DRIVING RANGE OF ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES 73
TABLE 15 TIME REQUIRED TO CHARGE ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES 75
TABLE 16 IMPACT OF MARKET DYNAMICS 79
TABLE 17 PATENT ANALYSIS 84
TABLE 18 OEMS WITH SUBSCRIPTION-BASED AND LEASING MODELS 90
TABLE 19 OEMS ADOPTING BATTERY SWAPPING AND ENERGY-AS-A-SERVICE BUSINESS MODELS 91
TABLE 20 COMPANIES ADOPTING SHARED MOBILITY AND FLEET ELECTRIFICATION BUSINESS MODELS 91
TABLE 21 OEMS OFFERING BAAS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS 92
TABLE 22 BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS IN 2025 99
TABLE 23 BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ICE SCOOTERS IN 2025 99
TABLE 24 BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES IN 2025 100
TABLE 25 BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ICE MOTORCYCLES IN 2025 100
TABLE 26 TCO COMPARISON: ELECTRIC VS. ICE SCOOTERS 102
TABLE 27 PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF KEY OEMS 102
TABLE 28 ANALYSIS OF MOTOR POWER AND VEHICLE RANGE ACROSS VOLTAGE LEVEL 107
TABLE 29 GDP PERCENTAGE CHANGE, BY KEY COUNTRY, 2021?2030 111
TABLE 30 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2022-2024 (USD) 115
TABLE 31 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF ELECTRIC SCOOTERS BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024 (USD) 115
TABLE 32 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES BY KEY PLAYERS,
2024 (USD) 116
TABLE 33 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS, BY REGION,
2022-2024 (USD/UNIT) 117
TABLE 34 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND FOR ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES, BY REGION, 2022-2024 (USD/UNIT) 118
TABLE 35 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: ROLE OF COMPANIES IN ECOSYSTEM 121
TABLE 36 IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 871190, BY COUNTRY, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 37 EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 871190, BY COUNTRY, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 38 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025?2026 128
TABLE 39 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS (%) 131
TABLE 40 KEY BUYING CRITERIA 132
TABLE 41 SUBSIDY UNDER FAME II, BY VEHICLE TYPE 134
TABLE 42 CENTRAL AND STATE TAXES AND FEES FOR SELECT VEHICLES IN INDIA 134
TABLE 43 INDIA: GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES, BY STATE 135
TABLE 44 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 137
TABLE 45 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 138
TABLE 46 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 139
TABLE 47 STRATEGIC GREEN MANUFACTURING ACTIONS BY OEMS 141
TABLE 48 CONVENTIONAL VS. BATTERY ELECTRIC SCOOTER/MOPED AND MOTORCYCLE 144
TABLE 49 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 145
TABLE 50 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 146
TABLE 51 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 52 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 53 POPULAR E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS WORLDWIDE 147
TABLE 54 E-SCOOTER/MOPED: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 149
TABLE 55 E-SCOOTER/MOPED: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 149
TABLE 56 E-SCOOTER/MOPED: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 57 E-SCOOTER/MOPED: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 58 E-MOTORCYCLE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 151
TABLE 59 E-MOTORCYCLE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 151
TABLE 60 E-MOTORCYCLE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 61 E-MOTORCYCLE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 62 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 155
TABLE 63 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 155
TABLE 64 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 65 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE CLASS,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 155
TABLE 66 E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS WORLDWIDE 156
TABLE 67 ECONOMY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 158
TABLE 68 ECONOMY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 158
TABLE 69 ECONOMY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 158
TABLE 70 ECONOMY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 71 LUXURY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 160
TABLE 72 LUXURY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 160
TABLE 73 LUXURY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 74 LUXURY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 75 ELECTRIC SCOOTERS OFFERED BY OEMS, BY VOLTAGE TYPE 163
TABLE 76 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 164
TABLE 77 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 164
TABLE 78 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 79 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VOLTAGE TYPE, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 80 POPULAR E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS AND THEIR BATTERY VOLTAGE 165
TABLE 81 36 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 169
TABLE 82 36 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 170
TABLE 83 36 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 84 36 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 85 48 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 171
TABLE 86 48 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 171
TABLE 87 48 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 171
TABLE 88 48 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 171
TABLE 89 60 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 172
TABLE 90 60 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 172
TABLE 91 60 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 173
TABLE 92 60 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 173
TABLE 93 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 174
TABLE 94 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 174
TABLE 95 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 96 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 174
TABLE 97 ABOVE 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 175
TABLE 98 ABOVE 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 175
TABLE 99 ABOVE 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 100 ABOVE 72 V: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 101 LITHIUM-ION VS. LEAD-ACID BATTERIES 178
TABLE 102 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 179
TABLE 103 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 179
TABLE 104 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 179
TABLE 105 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 180
TABLE 106 POPULAR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS, BY BATTERY TYPE 180
TABLE 107 SEALED LEAD-ACID: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 182
TABLE 108 SEALED LEAD-ACID: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 182
TABLE 109 SEALED LEAD-ACID: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 110 SEALED LEAD-ACID: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 111 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 183
TABLE 112 LITHIUM-ION: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 184
TABLE 113 LITHIUM-ION: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 184
TABLE 114 LITHIUM-ION: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 115 LITHIUM-ION: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 116 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 189
TABLE 117 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 189
TABLE 118 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 189
TABLE 119 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY DISTANCE COVERED,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 189
TABLE 120 POPULAR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS/MOPEDS AND MOTORCYCLES WITH RANGE 190
TABLE 121 BELOW 75 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 192
TABLE 122 BELOW 75 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 192
TABLE 123 BELOW 75 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 192
TABLE 124 BELOW 75 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 192
TABLE 125 75?100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 193
TABLE 126 75?100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 193
TABLE 127 75?100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 194
TABLE 128 75?100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 194
TABLE 129 ABOVE 100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 195
TABLE 130 ABOVE 100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 195
TABLE 131 ABOVE 100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 195
TABLE 132 ABOVE 100 MILES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 196
TABLE 133 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE, 2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 198
TABLE 134 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE, 2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 199
TABLE 135 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 199
TABLE 136 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY USAGE, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 199
TABLE 137 E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS BY USAGE 200
TABLE 138 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 201
TABLE 139 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 201
TABLE 140 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 201
TABLE 141 PRIVATE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 201
TABLE 142 COMMERCIAL: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 202
TABLE 143 COMMERCIAL: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 202
TABLE 144 COMMERCIAL: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 203
TABLE 145 COMMERCIAL: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 203
TABLE 146 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 206
TABLE 147 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 207
TABLE 148 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 207
TABLE 149 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 207
TABLE 150 E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS WITH DIFFERENT CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES 208
TABLE 151 PLUG-IN CHARGING VS. BATTERY CHARGING 208
TABLE 152 PLUG-IN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 209
TABLE 153 PLUG-IN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 210
TABLE 154 PLUG-IN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 210
TABLE 155 PLUG-IN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 210
TABLE 156 BATTERY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 211
TABLE 157 BATTERY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 212
TABLE 158 BATTERY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 212
TABLE 159 BATTERY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 212
TABLE 160 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 215
TABLE 161 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 216
TABLE 162 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 216
TABLE 163 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR TYPE, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 216
TABLE 164 POPULAR E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS, BY MOTOR TYPE 217
TABLE 165 MID-DRIVE MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 218
TABLE 166 MID-DRIVE MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 218
TABLE 167 MID-DRIVE MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 219
TABLE 168 MID-DRIVE MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 219
TABLE 169 HUB MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 220
TABLE 170 HUB MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 220
TABLE 171 HUB MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 220
TABLE 172 HUB MOTOR: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 221
TABLE 173 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 224
TABLE 174 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 224
TABLE 175 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 224
TABLE 176 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 224
TABLE 177 POPULAR E-SCOOTER/MOPED AND E-MOTORCYCLE MODELS, BY MOTOR POWER 225
TABLE 178 LESS THAN 1.5 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 226
TABLE 179 LESS THAN 1.5 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 227
TABLE 180 LESS THAN 1.5 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 227
TABLE 181 LESS THAN 1.5 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 227
TABLE 182 1.5?3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 228
TABLE 183 1.5?3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 228
TABLE 184 1.5?3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 229
TABLE 185 1.5?3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 229
TABLE 186 ABOVE 3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 230
TABLE 187 ABOVE 3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 230
TABLE 188 ABOVE 3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 230
TABLE 189 ABOVE 3 KW: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 231
TABLE 190 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 233
TABLE 191 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 234
TABLE 192 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 234
TABLE 193 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY REGION, 2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 234
TABLE 194 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 238
TABLE 195 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 239
TABLE 196 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 239
TABLE 197 ASIA PACIFIC: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 240
TABLE 198 CHINA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 241
TABLE 199 CHINA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 241
TABLE 200 CHINA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 241
TABLE 201 CHINA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 242
TABLE 202 JAPAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 242
TABLE 203 JAPAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 243
TABLE 204 JAPAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 243
TABLE 205 JAPAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 243
TABLE 206 INDIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 244
TABLE 207 INDIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 244
TABLE 208 INDIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 245
TABLE 209 INDIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 245
TABLE 210 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 245
TABLE 211 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 246
TABLE 212 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 246
TABLE 213 SOUTH KOREA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 246
TABLE 214 TAIWAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 247
TABLE 215 TAIWAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 247
TABLE 216 TAIWAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 247
TABLE 217 TAIWAN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 248
TABLE 218 THAILAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 248
TABLE 219 THAILAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 249
TABLE 220 THAILAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 249
TABLE 221 THAILAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 249
TABLE 222 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 250
TABLE 223 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 251
TABLE 224 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 251
TABLE 225 INDONESIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 251
TABLE 226 MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 252
TABLE 227 MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 252
TABLE 228 MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 253
TABLE 229 MALAYSIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 253
TABLE 230 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 254
TABLE 231 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 254
TABLE 232 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 254
TABLE 233 PHILIPPINES: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 254
TABLE 234 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 255
TABLE 235 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 255
TABLE 236 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 255
TABLE 237 VIETNAM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 256
TABLE 238 EUROPE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 260
TABLE 239 EUROPE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 261
TABLE 240 EUROPE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 261
TABLE 241 EUROPE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 262
TABLE 242 FRANCE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 263
TABLE 243 FRANCE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 263
TABLE 244 FRANCE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 263
TABLE 245 FRANCE: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 263
TABLE 246 GERMANY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 264
TABLE 247 GERMANY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 264
TABLE 248 GERMANY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 265
TABLE 249 GERMANY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 265
TABLE 250 SPAIN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 266
TABLE 251 SPAIN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 266
TABLE 252 SPAIN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 266
TABLE 253 SPAIN: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 266
TABLE 254 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 267
TABLE 255 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 267
TABLE 256 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 267
TABLE 257 AUSTRIA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 268
TABLE 258 UK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 268
TABLE 259 UK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 269
TABLE 260 UK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 269
TABLE 261 UK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 269
TABLE 262 ITALY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 270
TABLE 263 ITALY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 270
TABLE 264 ITALY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 270
TABLE 265 ITALY: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 270
TABLE 266 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 271
TABLE 267 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 271
TABLE 268 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 271
TABLE 269 BELGIUM: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 272
TABLE 270 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 272
TABLE 271 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 273
TABLE 272 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 273
TABLE 273 NETHERLANDS: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 273
TABLE 274 POLAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 274
TABLE 275 POLAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 274
TABLE 276 POLAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 274
TABLE 277 POLAND: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 275
TABLE 278 DENMARK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 275
TABLE 279 DENMARK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 276
TABLE 280 DENMARK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 276
TABLE 281 DENMARK: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 276
TABLE 282 NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (THOUSAND UNITS) 279
TABLE 283 NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (THOUSAND UNITS) 280
TABLE 284 NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 280
TABLE 285 NORTH AMERICA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY COUNTRY,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 280
TABLE 286 US: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2021?2024 (UNITS) 281
TABLE 287 US: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025?2032 (UNITS) 281
TABLE 288 US: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 281
TABLE 289 US: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 281
TABLE 290 CANADA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (UNITS) 282
TABLE 291 CANADA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (UNITS) 282
TABLE 292 CANADA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2021?2024 (USD MILLION) 283
TABLE 293 CANADA: ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE,
2025?2032 (USD MILLION) 283
TABLE 294 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2022?2025 285
TABLE 295 DEGREE OF COMPETITION, 2024 286
TABLE 296 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: PRODUCT COMPARISON (KEY SCOOTER MODELS) 290
TABLE 297 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: PRODUCT COMPARISON (KEY MOTORCYCLE MODELS) 291
TABLE 298 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT 293
TABLE 299 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: VEHICLE TYPE FOOTPRINT 294
TABLE 300 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: BATTERY TYPE FOOTPRINT 294
TABLE 301 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET, TECHNOLOGY TYPE FOOTPRINT 295
TABLE 302 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: KEY STARTUPS/SMES 297
TABLE 303 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 298
TABLE 304 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS, JANUARY 2021?OCTOBER 2025 299
TABLE 305 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: DEALS, JANUARY 2021? OCTOBER 2025 300
TABLE 306 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021? OCTOBER 2025 301
TABLE 307 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS,
JANUARY 2021? OCTOBER 2025 302
TABLE 308 OLA ELECTRIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 303
TABLE 309 OLA ELECTRIC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 305
TABLE 310 OLA ELECTRIC: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 305
TABLE 311 OLA ELECTRIC: EXPANSIONS 306
TABLE 312 OLA ELECTRIC: OTHERS 306
TABLE 313 BAJAJ AUTO LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 308
TABLE 314 BAJAJ AUTO LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 309
TABLE 315 BAJAJ AUTO LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 309
TABLE 316 TVS MOTOR COMPANY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 311
TABLE 317 TVS MOTOR COMPANY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 312
TABLE 318 TVS MOTOR COMPANY.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/UPGRADES 312
TABLE 319 TVS MOTOR COMPANY: DEALS 312
TABLE 320 TVS MOTOR COMPANY: OTHERS 313
TABLE 321 ATHER ENERGY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 314
TABLE 322 ATHER ENERGY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 316
TABLE 323 ATHER ENERGY: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 316
TABLE 324 ATHER ENERGY: DEALS 317
TABLE 325 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 318
TABLE 326 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 319
TABLE 327 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 320
TABLE 328 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: DEALS 322
TABLE 329 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: EXPANSIONS 323
TABLE 330 YADEA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: OTHERS 324
TABLE 331 HERO ELECTRIC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 326
TABLE 332 HERO ELECTRIC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 326
TABLE 333 HERO ELECTRIC: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 327
TABLE 334 HERO ELECTRIC: DEALS 327
TABLE 335 HERO ELECTRIC: EXPANSIONS 328
TABLE 336 GOGORO: COMPANY OVERVIEW 329
TABLE 337 GOGORO: PRODUCTS OFFERED 330
TABLE 338 GOGORO: PRODUCT/TECHNOLOGY LAUNCHES 330
TABLE 339 GOGORO: DEALS 332
TABLE 340 VMOTO LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 334
TABLE 341 VMOTO LIMITED: PRODUCTS OFFERED 335
TABLE 342 VMOTO LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 336
TABLE 343 VMOTO LIMITED: DEALS 336
TABLE 344 VMOTO LIMITED: EXPANSIONS 337
TABLE 345 VMOTO LIMITED: OTHERS 338
TABLE 346 NIU INTERNATIONAL: COMPANY OVERVIEW 339
TABLE 347 NIU INTERNATIONAL: PRODUCTS OFFERED 341
TABLE 348 NIU INTERNATIONAL: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 342
TABLE 349 NIU INTERNATIONAL: DEALS 343
TABLE 350 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 344
TABLE 351 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 345
TABLE 352 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 346
TABLE 353 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD.: DEALS 347
TABLE 354 JIANGSU XINRI E-VEHICLE CO., LTD.: EXPANSIONS 347
TABLE 355 IDEANOMICS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 348
TABLE 356 IDEANOMICS, INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 348
TABLE 357 IDEANOMICS, INC.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS 349
TABLE 358 IDEANOMICS, INC.: DEALS 349
TABLE 359 IDEANOMICS, INC.: EXPANSIONS 351
TABLE 360 ASKOLL EVA S.P.A.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 352
TABLE 361 ASKOLL EVA S.P.A.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 353
TABLE 362 ASKOLL EVA S.P.A.: DEALS 353
TABLE 363 ASKOLL EVA S.P.A.: OTHERS 354
TABLE 364 ULTRAVIOLETTE AUTOMOTIVE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 355
TABLE 365 REVOLT INTELLICORP PRIVATE LIMITED (REVOLT MOTORS): COMPANY OVERVIEW 356
TABLE 366 Z ELECTRIC VEHICLE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 357
TABLE 367 CAKE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 357
TABLE 368 LIGHTNING MOTORCYCLES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 358
TABLE 369 JOHAMMER E-MOBILITY GMBH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 358
TABLE 370 PIAGGIO GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 359
TABLE 371 KTM AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW 359
TABLE 372 HARLEY DAVIDSON: COMPANY OVERVIEW 360
TABLE 373 BMW GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 361
TABLE 374 AIMA TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 361
TABLE 375 HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 362
TABLE 376 GREAVES ELECTRIC MOBILITY PRIVATE LIMITED (AMPERE VEHICLES):
COMPANY OVERVIEW 362
TABLE 377 DONGGUAN TAILING ELECTRIC VEHICLE CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 363
TABLE 378 ?EZETA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 363
TABLE 379 TERRA MOTORS CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 363
TABLE 380 NEXZU MOBILITY LTD. (AVAN MOTORS INDIA): COMPANY OVERVIEW 364
TABLE 381 EMFLUX MOTORS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 365
TABLE 382 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 365
TABLE 383 DAMON MOTORS INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 366
TABLE 384 VIAR MOTOR INDONESIA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 366
TABLE 385 SELIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 367
TABLE 386 GESITS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 367
TABLE 387 UNITED E-MOTOR: COMPANY OVERVIEW 368
TABLE 388 SMOOT ELEKTRIK: COMPANY OVERVIEW 368
TABLE 389 PT VOLTA INDONESIA SEMESTA (VOLTA): COMPANY OVERVIEW 369
TABLE 390 ALVA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 369
TABLE 391 NUSA MOTORS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 370
TABLE 392 BF GOODRICH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 371FIGURE 1 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET SEGMENTATION & REGIONAL SCOPE 40
FIGURE 2 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 43
FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL 44
FIGURE 4 KEY INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS 47
FIGURE 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: HYPOTHESIS BUILDING 49
FIGURE 6 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 50
FIGURE 7 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 51
FIGURE 8 DATA TRIANGULATION 52
FIGURE 9 GROWTH PROJECTIONS FROM DEMAND-SIDE DRIVERS 53
FIGURE 10 DEMAND- AND SUPPLY-SIDE FACTOR ANALYSIS 54
FIGURE 11 KEY INSIGHTS AND MARKET HIGHLIGHTS 57
FIGURE 12 STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS IN ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 58
FIGURE 13 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING GROWTH OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET 59
FIGURE 14 E-SCOOTER/MOPED SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE IN 2025 60
FIGURE 15 ASIA PACIFIC TO BE LEADING REGIONAL MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 61
FIGURE 16 ADVANCEMENTS IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY TO DRIVE MARKET 62
FIGURE 17 ASIA PACIFIC TO ACCOUNT FOR DOMINANT MARKET SHARE IN 2025 63
FIGURE 18 E-SCOOTER/MOPED SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 63
FIGURE 19 LITHIUM-ION SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 64
FIGURE 20 BELOW 75 MILES TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 64
FIGURE 21 HUB MOTOR SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 65
FIGURE 22 COMMERCIAL SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER CAGR THAN PRIVATE SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD 65
FIGURE 23 ECONOMY SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGER MARKET SIZE THAN LUXURY SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD 66
FIGURE 24 PLUG-IN SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 66
FIGURE 25 ABOVE 3 KW SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 67
FIGURE 26 72 V SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 67
FIGURE 27 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES 69
FIGURE 28 EVOLUTION OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 71
FIGURE 29 TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS FOR ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS 79
FIGURE 30 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MARKET: PATENT ANALYSIS,
JANUARY 2015-OCTOBER 2025 83
FIGURE 31 LEGAL STATUS OF PATENTS, 2015?2025 84
FIGURE 32 SMART ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM 93
FIGURE 33 TCO OF ICE VS. BATTERY SWAPPING POWERED VEHICLES 95
FIGURE 34 SMART IOT SOLUTION FOR ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER MANUFACTURERS 96
FIGURE 35 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF ELECTRIC VS. ICE SCOOTERS 101
FIGURE 36 ELECTRIC TWO WHEELE