|
1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
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1.1. |
Marine sectors |
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1.2. |
Overview |
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1.3. |
Do diesel-electrics count? |
|
1.4. |
Overview of drivers |
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1.5. |
Drivers: fuel economy |
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1.6. |
Emissions reduction study |
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1.7. |
Why use a battery? |
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1.8. |
Fuel cost savings and ROI |
|
1.9. |
Roadblocks to maritime electrification |
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1.10. |
Shipping emissions: the problem |
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1.11. |
NOx and SOx: a huge problem for the shipping sector |
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1.12. |
Emission control areas (ECA) |
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1.13. |
Emission control areas (ECA) before 2020 |
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1.14. |
Unprecedented global cap on Sulphur |
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1.15. |
Emissions Control World - Annex VI - Sulphur |
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1.16. |
What about CO2? |
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1.17. |
Regulatory Developments |
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1.18. |
Historic market growth and 2020 - 21 pipeline |
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1.19. |
Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Cruise, Ferry, Offshore Support, Tugboat, Deep-sea (Vessels) |
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1.20. |
Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Leisure Boats & Fishing (Vessels) |
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1.21. |
Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Leisure Boats, Fishing, Cruise, Ferry, Offshore Support, Tugboat, Deepsea (MWh) |
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1.22. |
Forecast 2021 - 2040 - Pure Electric v Hybrids (MWh) |
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1.23. |
Forecast 2021 - 2040 ($ billion) |
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1.24. |
Assumptions and analysis |
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1.25. |
Impact of coronavirus on forecasts |
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1.26. |
Maritime battery pack suppliers |
|
1.27. |
Maritime battery maker market share (2019) |
|
1.28. |
Corvus Energy: battery deployment by vessel type |
|
1.29. |
Marine battery pack price forecast |
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2. |
MARITIME POLICY, REGULATIONS AND TARGETS |
|
2.1. |
Introduction to marine emissions regulation |
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2.2. |
Emissions Regulation: Annex VI |
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2.3. |
SOx reductions more important than NOx |
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2.4. |
Annex VI - Sulphur |
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2.5. |
US seeks late change to sulphur-cap fuel rules |
|
2.6. |
Annex VI - NOx |
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2.7. |
CO2 target for shipping |
|
2.8. |
CO2 in shipping forecast |
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2.9. |
Timeline of regulatory developments |
|
2.10. |
Local regulations: U.S. |
|
2.11. |
Local regulations: Asia |
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2.12. |
Local regulations: Amsterdam zero emission canals |
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2.13. |
Bell Marine: Major Supplier to Amsterdam Canals! |
|
2.14. |
Solutions to emissions targets |
|
2.14.1. |
What cards do vessel operators have to play? |
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2.14.2. |
Slow-steaming: the first port of call |
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2.14.3. |
Scrubbers |
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2.14.4. |
More expensive fuels |
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2.14.5. |
Batteries and electrification |
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3. |
LEISURE BOATING |
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3.1. |
What is a leisure watercraft? |
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3.2. |
Leisure boating market |
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3.3. |
Overview of boating motor types |
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3.4. |
Powerful Outboards Undermining Inboards |
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3.5. |
Regional outboard sales |
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3.6. |
Outboard emissions |
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3.7. |
Outboard pollution: an increasing problem, ignored |
|
3.8. |
Trolling motors |
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3.9. |
Electric propeller |
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3.10. |
Torqeedo motor range |
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3.11. |
Shaft power versus propulsive power |
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3.12. |
Torqeedo |
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3.13. |
Torqeedo: Moving Up to 100kW! |
|
3.14. |
Torqeedo: Low Voltage Sales Dominate |
|
3.15. |
Torqeedo storage systems |
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3.16. |
Torqeedo uses BMW i battery systems |
|
3.17. |
Conventional outboard companies |
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3.18. |
Electric outboard price |
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3.19. |
Outboard-powered ferry |
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3.20. |
Oceanvolt |
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3.21. |
OceanVolt motors |
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3.22. |
Hull efficiency zones |
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3.23. |
Aquawatt |
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3.24. |
Selected examples |
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3.24.1. |
Aquawatt 550 Elliniko |
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3.24.2. |
Duffy - 16 Sport Cat Lake Series |
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3.24.3. |
Savannah - superyacht |
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3.24.4. |
006 Yacht |
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3.24.5. |
Hybrid-electric Tag 60 yacht |
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4. |
COMMERCIAL (SHORT-SEA) |
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4.1. |
Navigating shipping terms |
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4.2. |
Industry Jargon |
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4.3. |
Electric and hybrid vessel configurations |
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4.4. |
Hybrid battery propulsion |
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4.5. |
Efficient hybrid battery propulsion |
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4.6. |
Battery propulsion |
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4.7. |
Low load is inefficient |
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4.8. |
Fuel efficiency calculation |
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4.9. |
Wartsila: hybrid engine profile |
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4.10. |
Offshore support vessels |
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4.10.1. |
Types of offshore support vessels |
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4.10.2. |
The uses of offshore support vessels |
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4.10.3. |
OSV: the global fleet |
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4.10.4. |
Offshore support vessel oversupply |
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4.10.5. |
Negative oil price? |
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4.10.6. |
The spike for hybrid OSVs |
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4.11. |
Tugboats |
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4.11.1. |
Tugboat definition and market size |
|
4.11.2. |
Electric tugboat projects tracked by IDTechEx |
|
4.11.3. |
Kotug and Corvus Energy |
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4.11.4. |
Tugboat operational profile |
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4.11.5. |
Ports of Auckland buy electric tug |
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4.12. |
Fishing |
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4.12.1. |
Global fishing fleet by region |
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4.12.2. |
Global fishing fleet by vessel length |
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4.12.3. |
Fishing in Europe |
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4.12.4. |
Fishing relies on subsidies |
|
4.12.5. |
Leo Greentier Marines: electric fishing boats in Asia |
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4.12.6. |
Leo Greetier Marines |
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4.12.7. |
Cutting Norway's Emissions with Electric Fishing Boats |
|
4.13. |
Ferries |
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4.13.1. |
Ferries, the addressable market |
|
4.13.2. |
Electric and hybrid ferries: regional market share |
|
4.13.3. |
Short routes |
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4.13.4. |
Ferries in Norway |
|
4.13.5. |
Electric ferry forecast 2021 - 2040 - Norway, EU, RoW |
|
4.13.6. |
Fuel economy for electric ferries |
|
4.13.7. |
Scandlines |
|
4.13.8. |
Scandlines timeline for electrification |
|
4.14. |
Selected examples of e-ferry projects |
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4.14.1. |
Leclanché e-ferry |
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4.14.2. |
50MWh Ferry? |
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4.14.3. |
Supercapacitor ferry |
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4.14.4. |
The Prius of the Sea - battery hybrid ferry |
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4.14.5. |
Ampere |
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4.14.6. |
Green City Ferries: Innovation on Swedish waterways |
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4.14.7. |
Ferry Conversion: M/S Prinsesse Benedikte |
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4.14.8. |
Energy Absolute |
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4.14.9. |
HH Ferries Group conversion |
|
4.14.10. |
Scandlines battery price |
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4.14.11. |
Scandlines Hybrid Ferry Inverter |
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5. |
COMMERCIAL (DEEP-SEA) |
|
5.1. |
Seaborne trade and the global economy |
|
5.2. |
Global economy and demand for shipping |
|
5.3. |
More expensive fuels |
|
5.4. |
Shipbuilding is cycle |
|
5.5. |
Deep-sea vessel fleet |
|
5.6. |
Shipbuilding by country 2017 |
|
5.7. |
Hyundai Heavy Industries |
|
5.8. |
Hyundai Heavy partners with Magna E-Car |
|
5.9. |
Ship pricing |
|
5.10. |
Electric and hybrid trading vessels |
|
5.11. |
Selected examples |
|
5.11.1. |
First electric tanker - moving beyond ferries |
|
5.11.2. |
First pure electric container ship |
|
5.11.3. |
6.7MWh pure electric barges? |
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5.11.4. |
Asahi Tanker: Japan's First Pure Electric Tanker |
|
6. |
PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY |
|
6.1. |
Which technologies are adopted? |
|
6.2. |
Benchmarking electric traction motors |
|
6.3. |
Motor efficiency comparison |
|
6.4. |
Electric Propulsion: Danfoss Motor |
|
6.5. |
Electric Propulsion: Vebrat |
|
6.6. |
Diesel |
|
6.7. |
Diesel-electric |
|
6.8. |
Gas turbine |
|
6.9. |
Water-jet propulsion |
|
6.10. |
Gas fuel or tri-fuel propulsion |
|
6.11. |
Steam turbine |
|
6.12. |
Biofuel |
|
6.13. |
Wind |
|
6.14. |
Norsepower Rotor Sail Specification |
|
6.15. |
Solar Propulsion |
|
7. |
OVERVIEW OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES |
|
7.1. |
Why are marine batteries different? |
|
7.2. |
DNG.VL Type approval |
|
7.3. |
Safety - pause for thought? |
|
7.4. |
Thermal runaway |
|
7.5. |
Battery types: lead-acid and leapfrogging NiMH |
|
7.6. |
The Li-ion advantage |
|
7.7. |
Comparison of specific energy and energy density of various battery systems |
|
7.8. |
What is a Li-ion battery (LIB)? |
|
7.9. |
A family tree of batteries - lithium-based |
|
7.10. |
Standard cathode materials |
|
7.11. |
Conventional versus advanced Li-ion? |
|
7.12. |
Li-ion battery cathodes |
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7.13. |
Cathode alternatives - NCA |
|
7.14. |
Li-ion battery cathode recap |
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7.15. |
LTO anode -- Toshiba |
|
7.16. |
Battery cell geometries |
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7.17. |
Short-sea battery packaging technologies |
|
7.18. |
Battery packaging technologies |
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7.19. |
Differences between cell, module, and pack |
|
7.20. |
Strings |
|
7.21. |
ESS in shipping containers |
|
7.22. |
Cooling systems for LIB |
|
7.23. |
Current challenges facing Li-ion batteries |
|
7.24. |
Key marine battery suppliers |
|
7.25. |
Maritime battery vendor market share (based on MWh) |
|
7.26. |
Battery Chemistry Market Share |
|
7.27. |
Marine battery pack price forecast |
|
7.28. |
Corvus Energy: History |
|
7.29. |
Corvus Energy (2019 Update) |
|
7.30. |
Applications of Corvus' New ESS |
|
7.31. |
The Head-start Advantage |
|
7.32. |
Corvus Energy Orca ESS |
|
7.33. |
Corvus Energy: battery deployment by vessel type |
|
7.34. |
Second life marine batteries? |
|
7.35. |
Spear Power Systems (SPS): Up and Coming! |
|
7.36. |
Spear Power Systems |
|
7.37. |
Spear Power Systems: Trident ESS |
|
7.38. |
Spear Power Systems: choosing the right battery |
|
7.39. |
Valence (LithiumWerks) |
|
7.40. |
Valence Technology (LithiumWerks) |
|
7.41. |
LithiumWerks: The Road to $400 per kWh |
|
7.42. |
LithiumWerks' New Marine Stack |
|
7.43. |
LithiumWerks |
|
7.44. |
Bell Marine |
|
7.45. |
Akasol |
|
7.46. |
Leclanché |
|
7.47. |
Leclanché: LTO Rack |
|
7.48. |
Leclanché: NMC Rack |
|
7.49. |
Xalt Energy - marine storage systems |
|
7.50. |
Case study: XALT's ESS for a Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) |
|
7.51. |
Saft: Seanergy |
|
7.52. |
Saft projects in France |
|
7.53. |
Prime Energy Systems: Diversifying into Marine |
|
7.54. |
Anko |
|
7.55. |
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