The global advanced carbon materials market encompasses one of the most structurally diverse product families in modern industrial chemistry. Though united by their elemental composition, advanced carbon materials range from the macroscopic — continuous carbon fibers woven into aerospace composite structures — to the atomic, with single-layer graphene sheets just one carbon atom thick. Each allotrope exploits carbon's extraordinary versatility differently, producing materials that can be simultaneously the hardest known substance and one of the softest, the best electrical conductor or an insulator, ultra-lightweight or structurally superior to steel.

 

The market has undergone a fundamental shift over the past decade, moving advanced carbon materials from predominantly laboratory and niche industrial settings into mainstream production at scale. This transition has been driven by the convergence of several structural megatrends that show no sign of abating. The global electrification of transport has placed carbon nanotubes at the heart of lithium-ion battery electrode formulations, where they form conductive networks that improve cell performance and longevity. The expansion of renewable energy — particularly offshore wind — continues to pull demand for large-tow carbon fiber, as turbine blade engineers push ever-greater lengths to capture more energy per installation. Aerospace recovery and growth from both commercial aviation and the rapidly expanding defence and space sectors sustain demand for high-modulus carbon fiber grades. Meanwhile, the exponential growth of artificial intelligence and data centre infrastructure has made thermal management a critical engineering challenge, opening substantial markets for graphene and carbon nanotube-based heat dissipation solutions.

 

Beyond these established drivers, several emerging forces are reshaping the market's long-term trajectory. The hydrogen economy is creating new demand for carbon fiber in composite overwrapped pressure vessels for fuel cell vehicles and industrial hydrogen storage. The voluntary carbon market has elevated biochar from an agricultural soil amendment to a certified carbon removal tool, attracting corporate sustainability investment and creating a dual-revenue model for producers. Perhaps most significantly, the ability to synthesise advanced carbon materials directly from captured carbon dioxide is beginning to transform waste emissions into feedstock — a development with potentially profound implications for both the economics of carbon capture and the supply chains of nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes and graphene.

 

The regulatory environment has also become a meaningful tailwind. Carbon pricing mechanisms, automotive emissions standards, renewable energy mandates, and supply chain localisation policies in North America and Europe are collectively creating durable structural demand across the materials family. The result is a market that spans commodity volumes — carbon black measured in millions of tonnes annually — through to research-scale quantities of graphene quantum dots sold by the milligram, with an increasingly interconnected set of growth drivers binding the entire category together.

 

This report examines sixteen advanced carbon material categories across a ten-year forecast horizon: carbon fibers, carbon black, graphite, biochar, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, graphene quantum dots, carbon foam, diamond-like carbon coatings, activated carbon, carbon aerogels and xerogels, carbon nano-onions, and CO₂-derived carbon materials. Together these categories span an unusually wide spectrum of commercial maturity — from carbon black and activated carbon, which are mature, high-volume commodity industries, through to carbon nano-onions and CO₂-derived nanomaterials, which remain in early-stage commercialisation with limited but growing validated applications.

 

The report provides pricing, demand volume, revenue and growth forecasts for all sixteen materials, supported by detailed company profiles, supply chain analysis, regulatory overviews, and application roadmaps.

 

Key coverage areas include:

The following companies are profiled in this report: 4M Carbon Fiber Corporation, 9T Labs AG, A Healthier Earth, Aben Resources, ACG Composites Co. Ltd., Acros Organics, ADA Carbon Solutions, Adamas Nanotechnologies Inc., Adeka Corporation, Advanced Material Development (AMD), AdvEn Inc., AerNos Inc., Aerogel Core Ltd, Agar Scientific, AirMembrane Corporation, Airex Energy, Akkolab, Aksa Carbon, Alba Mineral Resources plc, Albany Engineered Composites Inc., Aldila Inc., Alfa Aesar, Aligned Carbon Inc., AlterBiota, Amalyst, Amata Green SL, American Boronite Corporation, American Dye Source Inc., AMO GmbH, Anaphite Limited, Anson Resources, Aperam BioEnergia, ApNano Materials Inc., Appear Inc., Applied Nanolayers BV, ApplyNanosolutions S.L., APS Tech Solutions, AquaGreen Holding ApS, AR Brown Co. Ltd, arbitex, ArborX, Archer Materials Ltd., AREVO, Argo Graphene Solutions, Arkema France SA, Armadale Capital, Arq Inc., Arris Composites, Art Beam Co. Ltd., Asahi Carbon Co Ltd, Aspen Aerogels Inc., Atlas Carbon LLC, Atomic Mechanics Ltd., Atrago, Attis Innovations LLC, Australian Advanced Materials, Avadain Inc., AVANCO GmbH, Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., Awn Nanotech Inc., Aztrong Inc., Balkrishna Industries Limited, Baotailong New Materials Co. Ltd., BASF AG, BASF SE, Bass Metals Limited, Battelle Memorial Institute, BC Biocarbon, Bcircular, Bedimensional S.p.A, Bee Graphene, Beijing Grish Hitech Co. Ltd., Bella Biochar Corporation, Bergen Carbon Solutions AS, BestGraphene, Betterial, BGT Materials Ltd., Bikanta Inc., Bio C&C, Bio Graphene Solutions Inc., Bio-Pact LLC, Bio365, Biochar GmbH & Co. KG, Biochar Latium, Biochar Now, Biochar Supreme, Bioenergie Frauenfeld, Bioforcetech, BioGraph Sense Inc., BioGraph Solutions, Biographene Inc., Biolin Scientific AB, Biomacon GmbH, Biomass Energy Techniques Inc., Biomassehof Allgäu eG, BioMed X GmbH, bionero GmbH, Bionika AG, Biosorra, Birla Carbon, Black Bear Carbon BV, Black Rock Mining Ltd., Black Swan Graphene, Blackleaf SAS, Blencowe Resources, Blueshift Materials Inc., BNNano, BNNano Inc., BNNT LLC, Bolder Industries, Boomatech, Boston Materials LLC, Boyce Carbon, Brain Scientific, Braskem S.A., Breton spa, Brewer Science, Bright Day Graphene AB, British Columbia (BC) Biocarbon Ltd, BTR New Material Group Co. Ltd., Buxton Resources Limited, Bygen, C's Techno Inc., C-Bond Systems LLC, C2CNT LLC, C2CNT LLC/Capital Power, Cabot Corporation, Cabuna AG, Cambridge Raman Imaging Limited, CamGraphIC Ltd., Canatu Oy, Cancarb Limited, Capchar Ltd., Carba, Carbo Culture, Carbo Tech AC GmbH, Carbo-Link AG, Carbodeon Ltd. Oy, Carbofex Oy, Carboforce GmbH, Carboganic, Carbon Activated Corporation (CAC), Carbon CANTONNE, Carbon Cell, Carbon Conversions Inc., Carbon Corp, Carbon Fiber Recycling LLC, Carbon Fly, Carbon Hexa, Carbon Meta Research, Carbon Mobile GmbH, Carbon Research and Development Company (CRDC), Carbon Revolution, Carbon Rivers Inc., Carbon Waters, Carbon-2D Graphene Inc., Carbonics Inc., CarbonMeta Research Ltd, Carbonova, Carbons Finland Oy, CarbonUP, CarbonX B.V., Carbonxt Group Limited, Carborundum Universal Ltd (CUMI), CarboVerte GmbH, Carestream Health Inc., CarStorCan, Catack-H, CEAD B.V., Cealtech AS, Cellicon B.V., CellsX, Cemex, CENS Materials Ltd., Ceylon Graphite Corp., CharGrow, Charline GmbH, Charm Graphene Co. Ltd., Charm Industrial, Chasm Advanced Materials Inc., Cheaptubes Inc., Chemviron Carbon, Chengdu Organic Chemicals (TimesNano), Christoph Fischer GmbH, Circle Soil, Circular Carbon, CN Energy Development, CNF Biofuel AS, Cocan (Hubei) Graphite Mill Inc., Colloids Ltd., Comet Resources Ltd., Concrene Limited, COnovate, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Corigin Solutions Inc., CPL/Puragen Activated Carbons, CrayoNano AS, CRRC Corporation, Cymaris Labs, Daicel Corporation, Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Manufacturing, Danubia NanoTech s.r.o., DarkBlack Carbon, Das-Nano, Datong Coal Industry Jinding Activated Carbon Co. Ltd., Delta-Energy Group LLC, DEMIO, Denka Company Limited, Desktop Metal Inc., Desotec NV, DexMat Inc., Diamonex, Directa Plus plc, DJ Nanotech Inc., Donau Carbon GmbH, Doncarb Graphite LLC (EM Group), Dotz Nano Ltd., Dreamfly Innovations, Dycotec Materials Ltd., Dynalene, Eagle Graphite, Earthasia International Holdings Ltd, Earthdas, Earthly Biochar, ECO INFINIC CO. LTD., EcoCera, EcoGraf Limited, EcoLocked GmbH, Ecolomondo, Ecoworth Tech Pte. Ltd., EGoS, Elcora Advanced Materials Corp., Elysium Nordic, Emberion Oy, ENano Tec Co. Ltd., ENanotec, EnergieWerk Ilg GmbH, Enersens SAS, Enrestec, Envigas AB, EnyGy, EOX International BV, Epic Advanced Materials, Epsilon Carbon, Essentium Inc., Eurocarb, Evercloak Inc., Evion Group Pty. Ltd., Evolution Energy Minerals, Evove, Exomad Green, Explocom GK SRL, Extracthive-Industry, Extrativa Metalquimica SA Grafite do Brasil, Faber Industrie SpA, Fairmat, Fangda Carbon New Material Co. Ltd., Faurecia S.A., FGV Cambridge Nanosystems, First Graphene, First Graphene Ltd., FlexeGRAPH, Flextrapower, FND Biotech Inc., Focus Graphite, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Fortify Inc., Freres Biochar, Frontier Carbon Corporation, Fuji Pigment Co. Ltd., Fujian Huafeng Industry Co. Ltd., Fujitsu Laboratories, FunktioMat Oy, Garmor Inc., Gen 2 Carbon, General Biochar Systems (GBS), General Graphene, Geotech International B.V., Gerdau Graphene, Glanris, Glaren, Gnanomat S.L., Golden Formula, GoLeafe, Goodfellow Corporation, GQenergy srl, Grafentek, Grafine Ltd., Grafintec Oy, Grafoid Inc., Grafren AB, GRAFTA Nanotech, GrafTech International, Granode Materials, GraphAudio, Grapheal, Graphenall Co. Ltd., Graphenano s.l., Graphene Composites Limited and more....

1             THE ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS MARKET   57

1.1   Market overview   60

1.2   Market Landscape and Evolution   60

1.3   Key Market Drivers   61

1.3.1   Electrification and Energy Storage   61

1.3.2   Hydrogen Economy   61

1.3.3   Renewable Energy Expansion   62

1.3.4   Aerospace Recovery and Growth   62

1.3.5   Digital Infrastructure and Electronics   62

1.3.6   Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS)   62

1.3.7   Carbon Removal and Sustainability Mandates   62

1.4   Main Applications   63

1.5   Role of Advanced Carbon Materials in the Green Transition   63

1.6   Main applications   64

1.6.1   Thermal management   64

1.6.1.1   Commercialization   65

1.6.2   Conductive Battery Additives and Electrodes   68

1.6.3   Composites   70

1.7   Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition   72

1.8   Pricing Overview Across Advanced Carbon Materials,   72

1.9   Price Trajectory Forecasts   75

1.10   Comparative Growth Rates by Application   78

 

2             CARBON FIBERS   82

2.1   Competitive landscape and production capacity   82

2.2   Properties of carbon fibers   82

2.2.1   Types by modulus   84

2.2.2   Types by the secondary processing   84

2.3   Precursor material types   85

2.3.1   PAN: Polyacrylonitrile   86

2.3.1.1   Spinning   86

2.3.1.2   Stabilizing   87

2.3.1.3   Carbonizing   87

2.3.1.4   Surface treatment   87

2.3.1.5   Sizing   87

2.3.1.6   Pitch-based carbon fibers   88

2.3.1.7   Isotropic pitch   88

2.3.1.8   Mesophase pitch   89

2.3.1.9   Viscose (Rayon)-based carbon fibers   89

2.3.2   Bio-based and alternative precursors   90

2.3.2.1   Lignin   90

2.3.2.2   Polyethylene   93

2.3.2.3   Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)   94

2.3.2.4   Textile PAN   94

2.3.3   Recycled carbon fibers (r-CF)   94

2.3.3.1   The market for rCF   94

2.3.3.2   Recycling processes   95

2.3.3.3   Recycled Carbon Fiber Market Size and Forecast (2025–2036)   98

2.3.3.4   Companies   98

2.3.4   Carbon Fiber 3D Printing   99

2.3.5   Plasma oxidation   101

2.3.6   Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)   101

2.3.6.1   Applications   102

2.4   Markets and applications   103

2.4.1   Aerospace   103

2.4.1.1   Overview   103

2.4.1.2   2025/2026 Market Update   104

2.4.2   Wind energy   105

2.4.2.1   Overview   105

2.4.2.2   2025/2026 Market Update   105

2.4.3   Sports & leisure   106

2.4.3.1   Overview   106

2.4.4   Automotive   107

2.4.4.1   Overview   107

2.4.4.2   2025/2026 Market Update   108

2.4.5   Pressure vessels   109

2.4.5.1   Hydrogen Economy   110

2.4.6   Oil and gas   111

2.4.7   Civil Engineering and Infrastructure   112

2.4.8   Emerging and High-Growth Application Markets   113

2.4.8.1   Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and eVTOL Aircraft   113

2.4.8.2   Space and Satellite Launch   113

2.4.8.3   Marine and Shipbuilding   114

2.4.8.4   Medical Devices and Prosthetics   114

2.4.8.5   Electrical and Electronics   114

2.5   Market analysis   114

2.5.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   114

2.5.2   Regulations   115

2.5.3   Price and Costs Analysis   116

2.5.4   Carbon Fiber Classification by Modulus Grade and Carbon Content   116

2.5.5   Supply Chain   117

2.5.6   Competitive Landscape   117

2.5.6.1   Annual capacity, by producer   118

2.5.7   Future Outlook   119

2.5.8   Addressable Market Size   120

2.5.9   Risks and Opportunities   121

2.5.10   Global Carbon Fiber Demand 2020–2036   122

2.5.10.1   By Industry (Thousand Metric Tonnes)   122

2.5.10.2   By Region (Thousand Metric Tonnes)   123

2.5.10.3   Revenues by Industry (Billions USD)   124

2.6   Company profiles   125

2.6.1   Carbon fiber producers           125 (29 company profiles)

2.6.2   Carbon Fiber composite producers                143 (65 company profiles)

2.6.3   Carbon fiber recyclers              178 (17 company profiles)

 

3             CARBON BLACK   192

3.1   Commercially available carbon black   192

3.2   Properties   193

3.2.1   Particle size distribution   194

3.2.2   Structure-Aggregate size   195

3.2.3   Surface chemistry   195

3.2.4   Agglomerates   195

3.2.5   Colour properties   196

3.2.6   Porosity   196

3.2.7   Physical form   196

3.3   Manufacturing processes   196

3.4   Markets and applications   198

3.4.1   Tires and automotive   198

3.4.2   Non-Tire Rubber (Industrial rubber)   201

3.4.3   Lithium-Ion Batteries and Energy Storage   202

3.4.3.1   Role of Carbon Black in Battery Electrodes   202

3.4.3.2   Carbon Black vs. Carbon Nanotubes in Battery Applications   202

3.4.3.3   Key Conductive Carbon Black Grades for Batteries   202

3.4.3.4   Market Size and Forecast   203

3.4.4   Other markets   203

3.5   Specialty carbon black   204

3.5.1   Applications   204

3.5.2   Global market size for specialty CB   205

3.6   Recovered carbon black (rCB)   206

3.6.1   Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires (ELT)   207

3.6.2   Discontinuous (“batch”) pyrolysis   207

3.6.3   Semi-continuous pyrolysis   208

3.6.4   Continuous pyrolysis   208

3.6.5   Key players   208

3.6.6   Global market size for Recovered Carbon Black   209

3.7   Plasma-Produced Carbon Black   210

3.7.1   Technology Overview   210

3.7.2   Key Players   211

3.7.3   Market Outlook   211

3.8   Bio-based and Alternarive Carbon Black   212

3.8.1   Overview   212

3.8.2   Key Players and Technologies   213

3.8.3   Market Assessment   213

3.8.4   Market analysis   215

3.8.4.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   215

3.8.4.2   Regulations   215

3.8.4.3   Supply chain   216

3.8.4.4   Price and Costs Analysis   217

3.8.5   Carbon Black Classification by Grade, Purity and Carbon Content   218

3.8.5.1   Competitive Landscape   220

3.8.5.2   Future Outlook   222

3.8.5.3   Customer Segmentation   222

3.8.5.4   Addressable Market Size   223

3.8.5.5   Risks and Opportunities   224

3.8.5.6   Global market   224

3.9   Company profiles       226 (59 company profiles)

 

4             GRAPHITE   262

4.1   Types of graphite   264

4.1.1   Natural vs synthetic graphite   264

4.2   Natural graphite   265

4.2.1   Classification   266

4.2.2   Processing   267

4.2.3   Flake   268

4.2.3.1   Grades   268

4.2.3.2   Applications   268

4.2.3.3   Spherical graphite   269

4.2.3.4   Expandable graphite   270

4.2.4   Amorphous graphite   270

4.2.4.1   Applications   270

4.2.5   Crystalline vein graphite   271

4.2.5.1   Applications   271

4.3   Synthetic graphite   272

4.3.1   Classification   272

4.3.1.1   Primary synthetic graphite   273

4.3.1.2   Secondary synthetic graphite   273

4.3.2   Processing   273

4.3.2.1   Processing for battery anodes   274

4.3.3   Issues with synthetic graphite production   274

4.3.4   Isostatic Graphite   275

4.3.4.1   Description   275

4.3.4.2   Markets   275

4.3.4.3   Producers and production capacities   276

4.3.5   Graphite electrodes   276

4.3.6   Extruded Graphite   276

4.3.7   Vibration Molded Graphite   277

4.3.8   Die-molded graphite   278

4.4   New technologies   279

4.5   Recycling of graphite materials   279

4.6   Markets and applications   280

4.7   Graphite pricing (ton)   281

4.7.1   Pricing 2020-2025   281

4.7.1.1   Fine Flake Graphite Prices   282

4.7.1.2   Spherical Graphite Prices   283

4.7.1.3   +32 Mesh Natural Flake Graphite Prices   283

4.7.1.4   Large Flake   284

4.7.2   Graphite Classification by Purity Grade and Form   285

4.8   Global production of graphite   287

4.8.1   Market Dynamics and Demand Drivers (2024-2025)   287

4.8.1.1   Steel Sector Weakness   288

4.8.1.2   Inventory Overhang Impact   288

4.8.1.3   Substitution Dynamics   289

4.8.1.4   Ex-China Markets Maintain Natural Preference   289

4.8.2   China dominance   289

4.8.2.1   Domestic Market Competition Structure   290

4.8.2.2   Strategic Cost Optimization (2021-2024)   290

4.8.2.3   Government Support and Subsidy Structures   292

4.8.2.4   China's Strategic Export Control Framework   293

4.8.2.5   Practical Impact of Export Controls   293

4.8.3   United States Subsidies, Loans, and Tariff Policy Evolution   293

4.8.3.1   Federal Loan Guarantee Programs   294

4.8.3.2   The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Clean Vehicle Credit (CVC)   294

4.8.3.3   FEOC Restrictions and Timeline Extensions   295

4.8.3.4   Political Uncertainty - "One Big Beautiful Bill" and CVC Expiration   295

4.8.3.5   Tariff Policy Evolution   296

4.8.3.6   July 2025 - Preliminary AD Determination   296

4.8.3.7   Chinese Retaliatory Measures   297

4.8.3.8   Policy Sustainability Analysis   298

4.8.4   Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite   298

4.8.5   Global graphite production in tonnes, 2024-2037   299

4.8.5.1   Natural Graphite   299

4.8.5.2   Synthetic Graphite   300

4.8.6   Western Market Cost Competitiveness Analysis   300

4.8.6.1   Ex-China Natural Anode Cost Structure   300

4.8.6.2   Chinese Pricing as Competitive Floor   302

4.8.6.3   Policy Support Mechanisms Bridging the Gap   302

4.8.6.4   Alternative Competitive Strategies   303

4.9   Global market demand for graphite by end use market 2016-2037, tonnes   307

4.9.1   Battery Market Dominance   308

4.9.2   Steel/Refractories Sector   308

4.9.3   Mature Industrial Markets   308

4.9.4   Global Graphite Revenues by End-Use Market   309

4.10   Demand by region   310

4.10.1   Asia-Pacific   311

4.10.2   North America   312

4.10.3   Europe   313

4.10.4   Brazil   314

4.11   Factors that aid graphite market growth   315

4.12   Factors that hinder graphite market growth   316

4.13   Main market players   317

4.13.1   Natural graphite   317

4.13.2   Synthetic graphite   317

4.14   Market supply chain   318

4.15   Lithium-ion batteries   320

4.15.1   Gigafactories   322

4.15.2   Anode material in electric vehicles   324

4.15.2.1   Properties   325

4.15.2.2   Market demand   326

4.15.2.3   Global Anode Market Structure and Competitive Dynamics   326

4.15.3   Recent trends in the automotive market and EVs   330

4.15.4   Higher costs and tight supply   331

4.15.5   Forecast for EVs   331

4.16   Refractory manufacturing (Steel market)   331

4.16.1   Steel market trends and graphite growth   332

4.16.2   Carbon Sources for refractories   332

4.16.3   Electric arc furnaces in steelmaking   332

4.16.4   Recarburising   333

4.17   Graphite Shapes   334

4.18   Electronics   335

4.18.1   Thermal management   335

4.19   Fuel Cells   335

4.20   Nuclear   336

4.21   Lubricants   336

4.22   Friction materials   337

4.23   Flame retardants   337

4.24   Solar and wind turbines   337

4.25   Company profiles       338 (103 company profiles)

 

5             BIOCHAR   407

5.1   What is biochar?   407

5.2   Carbon sequestration   408

5.3   Properties of biochar   409

5.4   Markets and applications   411

5.4.1   Biochar Classification by Carbon Content and Production Route   416

5.5   Feedstocks   417

5.6   Production processes   418

5.6.1   Sustainable production   418

5.6.2   Pyrolysis   419

5.6.2.1   Slow pyrolysis   419

5.6.2.2   Fast pyrolysis   420

5.6.3   Gasification   420

5.6.4   Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)   421

5.6.5   Torrefaction   421

5.6.6   Equipment manufacturers   422

5.7   Carbon credits   423

5.7.1   Overview   423

5.7.2   Removal and reduction credits   423

5.7.3   The advantage of biochar   423

5.7.4   Price   424

5.7.5   Buyers of biochar credits   424

5.7.6   Competitive materials and technologies   424

5.7.6.1   Geologic carbon sequestration   424

5.7.6.2   Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)   425

5.7.6.3   Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)   425

5.7.6.4   Enhanced mineral weathering with mineral carbonation   426

5.7.6.5   Ocean alkalinity enhancement   426

5.7.6.6   Forest preservation and afforestation   427

5.8   Markets for biochar   427

5.8.1   Agriculture & livestock farming   427

5.8.1.1   Market drivers and trends   427

5.8.1.2   Applications   427

5.8.2   Construction materials   431

5.8.2.1   Market drivers and trends   431

5.8.2.2   Applications   431

5.8.3   Wastewater treatment   434

5.8.3.1   Market drivers and trends   434

5.8.3.2   Applications   435

5.8.4   Filtration   436

5.8.4.1   Market drivers and trends   436

5.8.4.2   Applications   436

5.8.5   Carbon capture   436

5.8.5.1   Market drivers and trends   436

5.8.5.2   Applications   437

5.8.6   Cosmetics   437

5.8.6.1   Market drivers and trends   437

5.8.6.2   Applications   437

5.8.7   Textiles   438

5.8.7.1   Market drivers and trends   438

5.8.7.2   Applications   438

5.8.8   Additive manufacturing   439

5.8.8.1   Market drivers and trends   439

5.8.8.2   Applications   439

5.8.9   Ink   440

5.8.9.1   Market drivers and trends   440

5.8.9.2   Applications   440

5.8.10   Polymers   440

5.8.10.1   Market drivers and trends   440

5.8.10.2   Applications   441

5.8.11   Packaging   441

5.8.11.1   Market drivers and trends   441

5.8.11.2   Applications   442

5.8.12   Steel and metal   443

5.8.12.1   Market drivers and trends   443

5.8.12.2   Applications   443

5.8.13   Energy   444

5.8.13.1   Market drivers and trends   444

5.8.13.2   Applications   444

5.9   Market analysis   448

5.9.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   448

5.9.2   Regulations   448

5.9.3   Price and Costs Analysis   448

5.9.4   Supply Chain   449

5.9.5   Competitive Landscape   450

5.9.6   Future Outlook   450

5.9.7   Customer Segmentation   450

5.9.8   Addressable Market Size   451

5.9.9   Risks and Opportunities   452

5.10   Global market   452

5.10.1   By end use market   453

5.10.2   By region   453

5.10.3   By feedstocks   454

5.10.3.1   China and Asia-Pacific   454

5.10.3.2   North America   456

5.10.3.3   Europe   456

5.10.3.4   South America   457

5.10.3.5   Africa   458

5.10.3.6   Middle East   459

5.11   Company profiles       460 (147 company profiles)

 

6             GRAPHENE   544

6.1   Types of graphene   544

6.2   Properties   546

6.3   Market analysis   547

6.3.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   547

6.3.2   Regulations   549

6.3.3   Price and Costs Analysis   549

6.3.3.1   Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene   552

6.3.3.2   Few-Layer graphene pricing   552

6.3.3.3   Graphene nanoplatelets pricing   553

6.3.3.4   Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing   554

6.3.3.5   Multi-Layer graphene (MLG) pricing   555

6.3.3.6   Graphene ink   556

6.3.4   Graphene Classification by Form, Purity and Production Route   556

6.3.5   Markets and applications   558

6.3.5.1   Batteries   558

6.3.5.2   Supercapacitors   559

6.3.5.3   Polymer additives   561

6.3.5.4   Sensors   562

6.3.5.5   Conductive inks   564

6.3.5.6   Transparent conductive films   565

6.3.5.7   Transistors and integrated circuits   567

6.3.5.8   Filtration   569

6.3.5.9   Thermal management   571

6.3.5.10   Additive Manufacturing/3D printing   572

6.3.5.11   Adhesives   574

6.3.5.12   Aerospace   576

6.3.5.13   Automotive   578

6.3.5.14   Fuel cells   580

6.3.5.15   Biomedical and healthcare   582

6.3.5.16   Building and Construction   584

6.3.5.17   Paints and coatings   587

6.3.5.18   Photovoltaics   589

6.3.6   Supply Chain   590

6.3.7   Production Capacities   592

6.3.8   Future Outlook   599

6.3.9   Addressable Market Size   602

6.3.10   Risks and Opportunities   608

6.3.11   Global demand 2018-2037, tons   609

6.3.11.1   Global demand by graphene material (tons)   609

6.3.11.2   Global demand by end user market   610

6.3.11.3   Graphene market, by region   610

6.3.11.4   Revenue by End-Use Application   611

6.4   Company profiles       612 (360 company profiles)

 

7             CARBON NANOTUBES   844

7.1   Properties   844

7.1.1   Comparative properties of CNTs   845

7.2   Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)   846

7.2.1   Properties   846

7.2.2   Markets and applications   846

7.3   Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)   850

7.3.1   Properties   850

7.3.2   Markets and applications   850

7.4   Market Overview   852

7.4.1   Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)   852

7.4.2   Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)   853

7.4.3   Market Demand by End-Use Market (2020-2037)   853

7.4.4   Revenue by End-Use Application   854

7.5   Carbon Nanotube Classification by Type, Wall Number and Purity   855

7.6   Markets for Carbon Nanotubes   856

7.6.1   Energy Storage   856

7.6.2   Polymer Composites   857

7.6.3   Electronics   858

7.6.4   Thermal interface materials   859

7.6.5   Construction   860

7.6.6   Coatings   860

7.6.7   Automotive   861

7.6.8   Aerospace   862

7.6.9   Others (Filtration, Sensors, Medical Devices, Lubricants, and Emerging Applications)   863

7.7   Company profiles       864 (154 company profiles)

7.8   Other types   963

7.8.1   Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs)   963

7.8.1.1   Properties   963

7.8.1.2   Applications   963

7.8.2   Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs)   964

7.8.2.1   Properties   964

7.8.2.2   Applications   964

7.8.3   Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs)   965

7.8.3.1   Properties   965

7.8.3.2   Applications   966

7.8.4   Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs)   966

7.8.4.1   Properties   966

7.8.4.2   Applications   967

7.8.5   Carbon Nano-Onions   968

7.8.5.1   Properties   968

7.8.5.2   Applications   969

7.8.5.3   Production and Pricing   969

7.8.5.4   Market Analysis   969

7.8.6   Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)   971

7.8.6.1   Properties   971

7.8.6.2   Applications   972

7.8.6.3   Production   972

7.8.7   Companies     972 (7 company profiles)

 

8             CARBON NANOFIBERS   977

8.1   Properties   977

8.2   Synthesis   977

8.2.1   Chemical vapor deposition   977

8.2.2   Electrospinning   977

8.2.3   Template-based   978

8.2.4   From biomass   978

8.3   Markets   978

8.3.1   Energy storage   978

8.3.1.1   Batteries   978

8.3.1.2   Supercapacitors   979

8.3.1.3   Fuel cells   979

8.3.2   CO2 capture   979

8.3.3   Composites   980

8.3.4   Filtration   980

8.3.5   Catalysis   980

8.3.6   Sensors   980

8.3.7   Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding   981

8.3.8   Biomedical   981

8.3.9   Concrete   981

8.4   Market analysis   982

8.4.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   982

8.4.2   Price and Costs Analysis   982

8.4.3   Carbon Nanofiber Classification by Structure and Purity   983

8.4.4   Supply Chain   983

8.4.5   Future Outlook   984

8.4.6   Addressable Market Size   985

8.4.7   Risks and Opportunities   985

8.5   Global market revenues   986

8.6   Companies     987 (12 company profiles)

 

9             FULLERENES   995

9.1   Properties   995

9.2   Markets and applications   997

9.3   Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   997

9.4   Market analysis   998

9.4.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   998

9.4.2   Price and Costs Analysis   998

9.4.3   Fullerene Classification by Molecule, Purity and Derivative Form   999

9.4.4   Supply Chain   1000

9.4.5   Future Outlook   1000

9.4.6   Customer Segmentation   1001

9.4.7   Addressable Market Size   1001

9.4.8   Risks and Opportunities   1002

9.4.9   Global market demand (tons)   1002

9.4.10   Global Fullerene Revenues by End-Use Market   1003

9.5   Producers         1004 (20 company profiles)

 

10          NANODIAMONDS   1014

10.1   Introduction   1014

10.2   Types   1014

10.2.1   Detonation Nanodiamonds   1015

10.2.2   Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs)   1017

10.2.3   Diamond semiconductors   1017

10.3   Markets and applications   1017

10.4   Market analysis   1020

10.4.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1020

10.4.2   Regulations   1021

10.4.3   Price and Costs Analysis   1022

10.4.4   Nanodiamond Classification by Production Route and Purity   1024

10.4.5   Supply Chain   1024

10.4.6   Future Outlook   1025

10.4.7   Risks and Opportunities   1026

10.4.8   Global demand 2018-2037, tonnes   1027

10.4.9   Global Nanodiamond Revenues by End-Use Market   1028

10.5   Company profiles       1028 (30 company profiles)

 

11          GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS   1054

11.1   Comparison to quantum dots   1055

11.2   Properties   1056

11.3   Synthesis   1056

11.3.1   Top-down method   1056

11.3.2   Bottom-up method   1057

11.4   Applications   1059

11.5   Graphene quantum dots pricing   1059

11.5.1   GQD Classification by Purity, Size and Surface Functionalisation   1060

11.5.2   Market Analysis and Revenue Forecast   1061

11.6   Graphene quantum dot producers  1062 (9 company profiles)

 

12          CARBON FOAM   1069

12.1   Types   1069

12.1.1   Carbon aerogels   1069

12.1.1.1   Carbon-based aerogel composites   1070

12.2   Properties   1070

12.3   Markets and Applications   1071

12.3.1   Market Analysis and Revenue Forecast   1073

12.3.2   Carbon Foam Classification by Precursor and Purity   1074

12.4   Company profiles       1075 (10 company profiles)

 

13          DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATINGS   1082

13.1   Properties   1083

13.2   Applications and markets   1084

13.2.1   DLC Coating Classification by sp³ Content and Hydrogen Content   1085

13.3   Global market size   1086

13.4   Company profiles       1087 (9 company profiles)

 

14          ACTIVATED CARBON   1093

14.1   Overview   1093

14.2   Types   1093

14.2.1   Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)   1095

14.2.2   Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)   1095

14.2.3   Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC)   1095

14.2.4   Impregnated Activated Carbon   1096

14.2.5   Bead Activated Carbon (BAC   1096

14.2.6   Polymer Coated Carbon   1096

14.2.7   Specialty Forms   1096

14.3   Production   1097

14.3.1   Coal-based Activated Carbon   1097

14.3.2   Wood-based Activated Carbon   1097

14.3.3   Coconut Shell-based Activated Carbon   1097

14.3.4   Fruit Stone and Nutshell-based Activated Carbon   1097

14.3.5   Polymer-based Activated Carbon   1097

14.3.6   Activated Carbon Fibers (ACFs)   1098

14.4   Markets and applications   1098

14.4.1   Water Treatment   1099

14.4.2   Air Purification   1099

14.4.3   Food and Beverage Processing   1099

14.4.4   Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications   1099

14.4.5   Chemical and Petrochemical Industries   1099

14.4.6   Mining and Precious Metal Recovery   1099

14.4.7   Environmental Remediation   1099

14.4.8   Energy Storage   1100

14.4.8.1   Supercapacitor Technology and Activated Carbon's Role   1100

14.4.8.2   Lead-carbon batteries   1102

14.4.8.3   Lithium-ion Batteries and Lithium-ion Capacitors   1103

14.4.8.4   Flow Batteries   1104

14.4.8.5   Zinc-Air and Metal-Air Batteries   1104

14.4.8.6   Fuel Cell Components   1104

14.4.8.7   Solid-State Batteries   1104

14.4.9   Chemical and Petrochemical Industries   1104

14.4.10   Automotive and Vehicle Applications   1105

14.4.11   Personal Care, Consumer Products, and Other Specialty Applications   1105

14.5   Market analysis   1106

14.5.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1106

14.5.2   Regulations   1107

14.5.3   Price and Costs Analysis   1107

14.5.4   Activated Carbon Classification by Form, Purity and Application Grade   1108

14.5.5   Supply Chain   1109

14.5.6   Future Outlook   1110

14.5.7   Customer Segmentation   1112

14.5.8   Addressable Market Size   1112

14.5.9   Risks and Opportunities   1114

14.6   Global market revenues 2020-2037   1114

14.6.1   Global activated carbon production capacity   1115

14.6.1.1   Reactivation Capacity   1116

14.7   Companies     1117 (24 company profiles)

 

15          CARBON AEROGELS AND XEROGELS   1137

15.1   Overview   1137

15.2   Types   1137

15.2.1   Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1137

15.2.2   Phenolic-Furfural (PF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1137

15.2.3   Melamine-Formaldehyde (MF) Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1138

15.2.4   Biomass-derived Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1138

15.2.5   Doped Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1138

15.2.6   Composite Carbon Aerogels and Xerogels   1138

15.3   Markets and applications   1138

15.3.1   Energy Storage   1139

15.3.2   Thermal Insulation   1139

15.3.3   Catalysis   1139

15.3.4   Environmental Remediation   1140

15.3.5   Other Applications   1140

15.4   Market analysis   1140

15.4.1   Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1140

15.4.2   Regulations   1141

15.4.3   Price and Costs Analysis   1142

15.4.4   Carbon Aerogel and Xerogel Classification by Drying Method and Purity   1142

15.4.5   Supply Chain   1143

15.4.6   Future Outlook   1144

15.4.7   Customer Segmentation   1144

15.4.8   Addressable Market Size   1145

15.4.9   Risks and Opportunities   1145

15.5   Global market forecast   1146

15.6   Companies     1147 (10 company profiles)

 

16          CARBON MATERIALS FROM CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION   1157

16.1   CO2 capture from point sources   1158

16.1.1   Transportation   1159

16.1.2   Global point source CO2 capture capacities   1159

16.2   Main carbon capture processes   1161

16.2.1   Materials   1161

16.2.2   Post-combustion   1163

16.2.3   Oxy-fuel combustion   1164

16.2.4   Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle   1165

16.2.5   Pre-combustion   1165

16.3   Carbon separation technologies   1166

16.3.1   Absorption capture   1168

16.3.2   Adsorption capture   1171

16.3.3   Membranes   1173

16.3.4   Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture   1175

16.3.5   Chemical Looping-Based Capture   1176

16.3.6   Calix Advanced Calciner   1176

16.3.7   Other technologies   1177

16.3.7.1   Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)   1178

16.3.8   Comparison of key separation technologies   1179

16.3.9   Electrochemical conversion of CO2   1179

16.3.9.1   Process overview   1180

16.3.10   CO₂-Derived Carbon Classification by Conversion Route and Purity   1182

16.4   Direct air capture (DAC)   1183

16.4.1   Description   1183

16.5   Market Analysis   1185

16.6   Companies     1187 (4 company profiles)

 

17          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   1190

 

18          REFERENCES   1191