Summary

The electrical steel market is projected to grow from USD 62.93 billion in 2026 to USD 83.23 billion by 2031, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8% during this period. Demand for electrical steel is driven by accelerating electrification, the expansion of renewable energy, and the need for high-efficiency transformers and electric motors. “Non-grain-oriented electrical steel segment projected to be the largest segment during the forecast period.” The Non-Grain-Oriented (NGO) electrical steel segment is expected to account for the largest share of the electrical steel market during the forecast period, driven by its extensive use across high-growth applications such as electric vehicles, industrial motors, and household appliances. Unlike grain-oriented grades, NGO steel offers isotropic magnetic properties, making it highly suitable for rotating equipment operating under variable speeds and directions. The rapid expansion of EV production and increasing deployment of energy-efficient motors in manufacturing and HVAC systems are significantly boosting demand for high-performance NGO grades. Additionally, advancements in thin-gauge processing and coating technologies are enabling lower core losses and improved efficiency, positioning NGO electrical steel as a critical material in the global transition toward electrification and energy-efficient systems. “Motors segment projected to be the second-largest segment during the forecast period.” The motors segment is expected to account for the second-largest share of the electrical steel market during the forecast period, driven by the widespread deployment of electrical steel in industrial machinery, electric vehicles, HVAC systems, and consumer appliances. Motors will require extensive use of non-grain-oriented electrical steel to ensure uniform magnetic strength throughout the motor core, thereby allowing them to operate efficiently in a rotating magnetic field. An increased focus on energy-efficient manufacturing and stricter regulations on motor energy efficiency have led many conventional motors to be replaced with higher-efficiency models. Consequently, these developments are driving demand for new grades of electrical steel with advanced properties. Additionally, electric transportation and increased automation within manufacturing facilities will continue to drive demand for electric motors and electrical steel grades specifically designed for that purpose. Finally, further improvements in thin-gauge electrical steel and coating technology will improve motor efficiency and further solidify the motor segment of the global electrical steel market. “Automotive end-use industry segment projected to be the second-largest segment during the forecast period.” The automotive segment is expected to account for the second-largest share of the electrical steel market during the forecast period, driven by the fast-moving shift to electric mobility and the increasing electrification of car systems. Electrical steel is a vital material for traction motors in vehicles, especially in non-grain-oriented grades. High magnetic efficiency and low core losses from this material directly contribute to the range and performance of electric vehicles (EVs). The use of electrical steel is increasing in many parts of EVs, including auxiliary motors, sensors, and onboard electrical systems, due to the growing complexity of cars today. With the growing demand for EVs, automakers have increased demand for new, thin-gauge electrical steel to design more compact motors with higher power density. With government incentives for EV production and emissions-reduction targets in place, there are many reasons the automotive sector remains a key driver of electrical steel demand worldwide. “In terms of value, the North America region is projected to be the second-largest segment during the forecast period.” The North America region is expected to account for the second-largest share of the electrical steel market during the forecast period, driven by substantial investments in grid modernization, renewable energy integration, and electric vehicle adoption. The US and Canada are actively upgrading aging transmission and distribution infrastructure, increasing demand for high-efficiency transformers that rely on grain-oriented electrical steel. Simultaneously, the rapid expansion of EV manufacturing and battery production is boosting consumption of non-grain-oriented electrical steel for traction motors. Strong regulatory focus on energy efficiency and emissions reduction is further accelerating the adoption of advanced electrical steel grades. Additionally, the presence of established automotive and industrial manufacturing bases supports consistent demand, positioning North America as a key contributor to global electrical steel consumption. By Company Type: Tier 1: 25%, Tier 2: 42%, and Tier 3: 33% By Designation: C-level Executives: 20%, Directors: 30%, and Other Designations: 50% By Region: North America: 20%, Europe: 10%, Asia Pacific: 40%, South America: 10%, and Middle East & Africa 20% Notes: Other designations include sales, marketing, and product managers. Tier 1: >USD 1 Billion; Tier 2: USD 500 million–1 Billion; and Tier 3:

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 33 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 33 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 33 1.3 STUDY SCOPE 34 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE 34 1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 35 1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 35 1.3.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 36 1.3.5 UNIT CONSIDERED 36 1.4 STAKEHOLDERS 36 1.5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 36 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 37 2.1 KEY INSIGHTS AND MARKET HIGHLIGHTS 37 2.2 KEY MARKET PARTICIPANTS: SHARE INSIGHTS AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS 39 2.3 DISRUPTIVE TRENDS SHAPING THE MARKET 40 2.4 HIGH-GROWTH SEGMENTS & EMERGING FRONTIERS 41 2.5 SNAPSHOT: GLOBAL MARKET SIZE, GROWTH RATE, AND FORECAST 42 3 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 43 3.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 43 3.2 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY TYPE AND END-USE INDUSTRY 44 3.3 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION 44 3.4 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY COUNTRY 45 4 MARKET OVERVIEW 46 4.1 INTRODUCTION 46 4.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 46 4.2.1 DRIVERS 47 4.2.1.1 Abundance of iron ore & other minerals for electrical steel production 47 4.2.1.2 Expansion of urban infrastructure networks 48 4.2.1.3 Expansion of renewable energy infrastructure increasing transformer and grid equipment demand 49 4.2.1.4 Advancements in electric vehicle motor technologies driving higher material intensity 51 4.2.2 RESTRAINTS 52 4.2.2.1 Volatility in raw material quality and supply security 52 4.2.2.2 Energy-intensive processing with rising decarbonization pressure 52   4.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 53 4.2.3.1 Expansion into EV-specific NGO steel grades 53 4.2.3.2 Precision control of silicon content above conventional limits 54 4.2.3.3 Scrap segregation and closed-loop recycling for electrical steel 54 4.2.4 CHALLENGES 55 4.2.4.1 Achieving ultra-low core loss at high frequencies 55 4.2.4.2 Increasingly stringent environmental compliance for hazardous process emissions 55 4.3 UNMET NEEDS AND WHITE SPACES 57 4.3.1 UNMET NEEDS IN ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 57 4.3.1.1 Cost-efficient production of low core loss electrical steel without compromising material purity 57 4.3.1.2 Electrical steel with consistent performance under high-frequency and variable load conditions 57 4.3.1.3 Ultra-thin electrical steel with high mechanical stability for advanced motor designs 58 4.3.2 WHITE SPACES OPPORTUNITIES 58 4.3.2.1 Next-generation alloy systems for high-frequency, low-loss applications 58 4.3.2.2 Advanced coating and insulation technologies for dynamic grid environments 58 4.3.2.3 Scalable low-carbon electrical steel production with high recycled content 59 4.4 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS AND CROSS-SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES 59 4.4.1 INTERCONNECTED MARKETS 59 4.4.2 CROSS-SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES 60 4.5 STRATEGIC MOVES BY TIER 1/2/3 PLAYERS 61 4.5.1 KEY MOVES AND STRATEGIC FOCUS 61 5 INDUSTRY TRENDS 62 5.1 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES’ ANALYSIS 62 5.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 63 5.1.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 63 5.1.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 63 5.1.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 64 5.1.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 64 5.2 MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS 65 5.2.1 INTRODUCTION 65 5.2.2 GDP TRENDS AND FORECASTS 65 5.2.3 ACCELERATING ELECTRIFICATION OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 66 5.3 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 66 5.4 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 68   5.5 PRICING ANALYSIS 69 5.5.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF KEY PLAYERS, BY TYPE 69 5.5.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION 70 5.6 TRADE ANALYSIS 71 5.6.1 IMPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 722511, BY COUNTRY 71 5.6.2 EXPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 722511, BY COUNTRY 73 5.6.3 IMPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 722519, BY COUNTRY 74 5.6.4 EXPORT DATA RELATED TO HS CODE 722519, BY COUNTRY 75 5.7 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2026–2027 76 5.8 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 76 5.9 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 77 5.10 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 78 5.10.1 NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION – EV MOTOR EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVE 78 5.10.2 POSCO: TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FOR RENEWABLE GRIDS 78 5.10.3 THYSSENKRUPP STEEL – LOW-CARBON ELECTRICAL STEEL PRODUCTION SHIFT 79 5.11 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFFS ON ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 79 5.11.1 INTRODUCTION 79 5.11.2 KEY TARIFF RATES 79 5.11.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS 80 5.11.4 IMPACT ON KEY COUNTRIES/REGIONS 81 5.11.4.1 US 81 5.11.4.2 Europe 81 5.11.4.3 Asia Pacific 81 5.11.5 IMPACT ON END-USE INDUSTRIES 81 6 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS 83 6.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES 83 6.1.1 LASER DOMAIN REFINEMENT (LDR) 83 6.1.2 SECONDARY RECRYSTALLIZATION CONTROL (HI-B PROCESSING) 84 6.1.3 ULTRA-THIN GAUGE COLD ROLLING (<0.1 MM) 84 6.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES 85 6.2.1 VACUUM DEGASSING (VD/VOD) FOR ULTRA-LOW IMPURITY STEEL 85 6.2.2 MOTOR CORE LASER CUTTING & STACKING AUTOMATION 85 6.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES 86 6.3.1 SOFT MAGNETIC COMPOSITES (SMC) FOR 3D FLUX PATHS 86 6.3.2 HYDROGEN-BASED DIRECT REDUCED IRON (H-DRI) 87 6.4 TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT ROADMAP 87 6.4.1 SHORT-TERM (2025–2027) | PROCESS PRECISION & LOSS REDUCTION PHASE 88 6.4.2 MID-TERM (2027–2030) | HIGH-FREQUENCY PERFORMANCE & PROCESS INTEGRATION PHASE 88 6.4.3 LONG-TERM (2030–2035+): LOW-CARBON & NEXT-GENERATION MATERIAL PHASE 89 6.5 PATENT ANALYSIS 89 6.5.1 INTRODUCTION 89 6.5.2 APPROACH 89 6.6 FUTURE APPLICATIONS 92 6.6.1 ULTRA-HIGH-FREQUENCY EV TRACTION MOTORS (>20 KHZ SWITCHING) 92 6.6.2 AEROSPACE ELECTRIC PROPULSION MOTORS 92 6.6.3 WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER SYSTEMS (HIGH-EFFICIENCY MAGNETIC CORES) 93 6.7 IMPACT OF AI/GENERATIVE AI ON ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 93 6.7.1 TOP USE CASES AND MARKET POTENTIAL 94 6.7.2 BEST PRACTICES IN ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 95 6.7.3 CASE STUDIES OF AI IMPLEMENTATION IN ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 95 6.7.4 INTERCONNECTED ADJACENT ECOSYSTEM AND IMPACT ON MARKET PLAYERS 96 6.7.5 CLIENTS’ READINESS TO ADOPT GENERATIVE AI IN ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET 96 7 SUSTAINABILITY AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 98 7.1 REGIONAL REGULATIONS AND COMPLIANCE 98 7.1.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 98 7.1.2 INDUSTRY STANDARDS 100 7.2 SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES 102 7.2.1 CARBON IMPACT AND ECO-APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL STEEL 102 7.2.1.1 Carbon impact reduction 102 7.2.1.2 Eco-applications 102 7.3 SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT AND REGULATORY POLICY INITIATIVES 103 7.4 CERTIFICATIONS, LABELING, AND ECO-STANDARDS 104 8 CUSTOMER LANDSCAPE & BUYER BEHAVIOR 106 8.1 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 106 8.2 BUYER STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING EVALUATION CRITERIA 107 8.2.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 108 8.2.2 BUYING CRITERIA 108 8.3 ADOPTION BARRIERS & INTERNAL CHALLENGES 109 8.4 UNMET NEEDS FROM VARIOUS END-USE INDUSTRIES 110 8.5 MARKET PROFITABILITY 111 8.5.1 REVENUE POTENTIAL 112 8.5.2 COST DYNAMICS 112 8.5.3 MARGIN OPPORTUNITIES, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 112   9 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY TYPE 114 9.1 INTRODUCTION 115 9.2 GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL 117 9.2.1 RISING FOCUS ON ENERGY-EFFICIENT GRID INFRASTRUCTURE AND POWER CONSERVATION TO DRIVE DEMAND 117 9.3 NON-GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL 117 9.3.1 RISING DEMAND FROM ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, AND SMALL TRANSFORMERS TO AUGMENT DEMAND 117 10 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY APPLICATION 119 10.1 INTRODUCTION 120 10.2 TRANSFORMERS 121 10.2.1 INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR ENERGY TO DRIVE DEMAND 121 10.3 MOTORS 122 10.3.1 INCREASING APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION AND AUTOMOTIVE TO AUGMENT DEMAND 122 10.4 INDUCTORS 123 10.4.1 INCREASE IN DEPLOYMENT OF SMART GRIDS TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH 123 10.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS 123 11 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY END-USE INDUSTRY 124 11.1 INTRODUCTION 125 11.2 ENERGY 127 11.2.1 RAPID EXPANSION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS TO DRIVE DEMAND 127 11.3 AUTOMOTIVE 127 11.3.1 RAPID GROWTH IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRODUCTION AND GLOBAL EV SALES TO FUEL DEMAND 127 11.4 MANUFACTURING 128 11.4.1 RISING ADOPTION OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND SMART MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE MARKET 128 11.5 HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 128 11.5.1 HIGHER LIVING STANDARDS AND RISE IN INCOME TO PROPEL MARKET 128 11.6 OTHER END-USE INDUSTRIES 129 12 ELECTRICAL STEEL MARKET, BY REGION 130 12.1 INTRODUCTION 131 12.2 ASIA PACIFIC 133 12.2.1 CHINA 138 12.2.1.1 Strong consumer appliance production and export-led manufacturing growth to propel market 138 12.2.2 JAPAN 143 12.2.2.1 Offshore wind capacity development and renewable energy investments to drive market 143   12.2.3 INDIA 147 12.2.3.1 Rapid renewable energy expansion and power grid modernization to boost market growth 147 12.2.4 SOUTH KOREA 151 12.2.4.1 Rapid electric vehicle growth to augment market 151 12.2.5 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 155 12.3 NORTH AMERICA 159 12.3.1 US 164 12.3.1.1 Growth in electric vehicles to propel market growth 164 12.3.2 CANADA 168 12.3.2.1 Large-scale renewable energy capacity expansion and power generation growth to support market 168 12.3.3 MEXICO 172 12.3.3.1 Electric vehicle adoption and e-mobility infrastructure development to drive market 172 12.4 EUROPE 176 12.4.1 GERMANY 181 12.4.1.1 Energy transition, EV growth, and industrial strength driving demand 181 12.4.2 UK 185 12.4.2.1 Clean energy transition and electrification driving electrical steel demand 185 12.4.3 RUSSIA 189 12.4.3.1 Industrial recovery, electrification trends, and energy diversification to boost demand 189 12.4.4 FRANCE 193 12.4.4.1 Low-carbon electricity dominance and electrification driving market growth 193 12.4.5 REST OF EUROPE 197 12.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 201 12.5.1 GCC COUNTRIES 207 12.5.1.1 Saudi Arabia 207 12.5.1.1.1 Energy transition and industrial expansion supporting market expansion 207 12.5.2 UAE 211 12.5.2.1 Energy diversification and industrial growth to drive demand 211 12.5.2.2 Rest of GCC Countries 215 12.5.3 SOUTH AFRICA 219 12.5.3.1 Energy transition and automotive sector growth to increase demand 219 12.5.4 EGYPT 223 12.5.4.1 Industrial growth and energy transition accelerating market growth 223 12.5.5 QATAR 226 12.5.5.1 Electrification initiatives and renewable energy expansion increasing demand 226 12.5.6 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 230 12.6 SOUTH AMERICA 234 12.6.1 BRAZIL 239 12.6.1.1 Expansion of renewable energy and industrial sectors to accelerate market growth 239 12.6.2 ARGENTINA 242 12.6.2.1 Economic recovery and electrification trends to drive demand 242 12.6.3 PERU 246 12.6.3.1 Energy diversification activities and industrial expansion to drive market 246 12.6.4 CHILE 250 12.6.4.1 Renewable leadership and electrification trends driving market expansion 250 12.6.5 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA 253 13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 258 13.1 OVERVIEW 258 13.2 KEY PLAYERS’ STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN 258 13.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS 260 13.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 260 13.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 263 13.6 FINANCIAL METRICS 264 13.7 BRAND COMPARISON 264 13.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024 266 13.8.1 STARS 266 13.8.2 EMERGING LEADERS 266 13.8.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 266 13.8.4 PARTICIPANTS 266 13.8.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024 268 13.8.5.1 Company footprint 268 13.8.5.2 Region footprint 268 13.8.5.3 Type footprint 269 13.8.5.4 Application footprint 269 13.8.5.5 End-use industry footprint 270 13.9 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024 270 13.9.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 270 13.9.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 270 13.9.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 271 13.9.4 STARTING BLOCKS 271 13.9.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024 272 13.9.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs 272 13.9.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs 273   13.10 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 274 13.10.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 274 13.10.2 DEALS 274 13.10.3 EXPANSIONS 279 13.10.4 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 282 14 COMPANY PROFILES 284 14.1 KEY PLAYERS 284 14.1.1 ARCELORMITTAL 284 14.1.1.1 Business overview 284 14.1.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 285 14.1.1.3 Recent developments 287 14.1.1.3.1 Deals 287 14.1.1.3.2 Expansions 288 14.1.1.3.3 Others 289 14.1.1.4 MnM view 290 14.1.1.4.1 Key strengths 290 14.1.1.4.2 Strategic choices 290 14.1.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 290 14.1.2 POSCO 291 14.1.2.1 Business overview 291 14.1.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 292 14.1.2.3 Recent developments 293 14.1.2.3.1 Deals 293 14.1.2.3.2 Expansions 294 14.1.2.3.3 Others 294 14.1.2.4 MnM view 295 14.1.2.4.1 Key strengths 295 14.1.2.4.2 Strategic choices 295 14.1.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 295 14.1.3 CHINA BAOWU STEEL GROUP CORPORATION LIMITED 296 14.1.3.1 Business overview 296 14.1.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 296 14.1.3.3 Recent developments 297 14.1.3.3.1 Deals 297 14.1.3.4 MnM view 297 14.1.3.4.1 Right to win 297 14.1.3.4.2 Strategic choices 297 14.1.3.4.3 Weaknesses & competitive threats 298 14.1.4 VOESTALPINE AG 299 14.1.4.1 Business overview 299 14.1.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 300 14.1.4.3 Recent developments 301 14.1.4.3.1 Product launches 301 14.1.4.3.2 Expansions 301 14.1.4.3.3 Others 302 14.1.4.4 MnM view 302 14.1.4.4.1 Key strengths 302 14.1.4.4.2 Strategic choices 302 14.1.4.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 302 14.1.5 NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION 303 14.1.5.1 Business overview 303 14.1.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 304 14.1.5.3 Recent developments 305 14.1.5.3.1 Deals 305 14.1.5.3.2 Expansions 306 14.1.5.4 MnM view 307 14.1.5.4.1 Key strengths 307 14.1.5.4.2 Strategic choices 307 14.1.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 307 14.1.6 UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION 308 14.1.6.1 Business overview 308 14.1.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 309 14.1.6.3 Recent developments 310 14.1.6.3.1 Product launches 310 14.1.6.3.2 Deals 310 14.1.6.3.3 Expansions 311 14.1.6.4 MnM view 312 14.1.7 STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LIMITED (SAIL) 313 14.1.7.1 Business overview 313 14.1.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 314 14.1.7.3 Recent developments 315 14.1.7.3.1 Deals 315 14.1.7.3.2 Expansions 316 14.1.7.4 MnM view 316 14.1.8 TATA STEEL 317 14.1.8.1 Business overview 317 14.1.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 319 14.1.8.3 Recent developments 319 14.1.8.3.1 Deals 319 14.1.8.3.2 Others 321 14.1.8.4 MnM view 321   14.1.9 THYSSENKRUPP AG 322 14.1.9.1 Business overview 322 14.1.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 323 14.1.9.3 Recent developments 324 14.1.9.3.1 Expansions 324 14.1.9.3.2 Others 325 14.1.9.4 MnM view 325 14.1.10 JFE STEEL CORPORATION 326 14.1.10.1 Business overview 326 14.1.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 327 14.1.10.3 Recent developments 327 14.1.10.3.1 Deals 327 14.1.10.3.2 Expansions 329 14.1.10.3.3 Others 329 14.1.10.4 MnM view 329 14.2 OTHER PLAYERS 330 14.2.1 CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. 330 14.2.2 HEBEI PUYANG IRON AND STEEL GROUP 330 14.2.3 JIANGSU SHAGANG INTERNATIONAL TRADE CO., LTD. 331 14.2.4 CHINA STEEL CORPORATION 332 14.2.5 JSW STEEL 332 14.2.6 LEICONG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 333 14.2.7 ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED 333 14.2.8 APERAM S.A. 334 14.2.9 ALLEGHENY TECHNOLOGIES 335 14.2.10 UNION ELECTRIC STEEL CORPORATION 335 14.2.11 EURO-MIT STAAL B.V. 336 14.2.12 TC METAL 336 14.2.13 VESUVIUS PLC 337 14.2.14 FERRIC SRL 337 14.2.15 WAELZHOLZ GMBH & CO. 338 15 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 339 15.1 RESEARCH DATA 339 15.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 340 15.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources 340 15.1.1.2 List of secondary sources 340 15.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 341 15.1.2.1 Key primary participants 341 15.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources 341 15.1.2.3 Breakdown of interviews with experts 342 15.1.2.4 Key industry insights 342 15.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 343 15.2.1 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 343 15.2.2 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 343 15.3 BASE NUMBER CALCULATION 344 15.3.1 SUPPLY-SIDE APPROACH 344 15.4 GROWTH FORECAST 345 15.5 DATA TRIANGULATION 345 15.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 346 15.7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS & RISK ASSESSMENT 346 16 APPENDIX 347 16.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 347 16.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 351 16.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 353 16.4 RELATED REPORTS 353 16.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 354