Summary

Middle East and Africa liver fibrosis treatment market is expected to reach USD 2,354.75 million by 2032 from USD 935.44 million in 2024, growing at a substantial CAGR of 12.3% in the forecast period of 2025 to 2032.

Market Segmentation:
Middle East and Africa Liver Fibrosis Treatment Market, By Treatment Type (Medication and Surgery/Therapy), Stages ( F2, F1, F3, and F4), Indication (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), Hepatitis B & C-Induced Fibrosis, Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD), Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Genetic Disorders, and Others), Gender(Male and Female), End User (Hospitals, Specialty Clinics, Clinics, Ambulatory and Research Centers, and Others), Distribution Channel (Direct Tender and Retail Sales), Country (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., South Africa, Egypt, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Israel and rest of Middle East and Africa) - Industry Trends & Forecast To 2032
Overview of Middle East and Africa Liver Fibrosis Treatment Market Dynamics:

Driver

• Increasing Prevalence of Liver Diseases
Restraint

• Limited Awareness of Liver Diseases
Opportunity

• Progress in Pipeline Products for Liver Fibrosis Treatment
Market Players:

The key market players operating in the Middle East and Africa liver fibrosis treatment market are listed below:

• Gilead Sciences, Inc.
• AbbVie Inc.
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Novartis AG
• Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
• Abbott
• La Renon Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.
• GENFIT SA
• Madrigal Pharmaceuticals
• Aligos Therapeutics
• Pfizer Inc.
• Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
• Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
• Hepion Pharmaceuticals
• Echosens
• Galectin Therapeutics, Inc.
• Conatus Pharmaceuticals
• Tvardi Therapeutics
• Viking Therapeutics
• Calliditas Therapeutics AB
• Novomedix
• Galecto Biotech
• Pilant Therapeutics, Inc.
• Sagimet Biosciences
• Gyre Therapeutics, Inc.
• Akero Therapeutics, Inc.
• CureVac SE
• Novo Nordisk A/S
• Ipsen Pharma
• AdAlta Limited
• Alentis Therapeutics AG

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 129
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 129
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 129
1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET 129
1.4 CURRENCY AND PRICING 131
1.5 LIMITATIONS 131
1.6 MARKETS COVERED 132
2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 136
2.1 MARKETS COVERED 136
2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 137
2.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 138
2.4 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL 139
2.5 MULTIVARIATE MODELLING 142
2.6 TREATMENT TYPE LIFELINE CURVE 143
2.7 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS 144
2.8 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 145
2.9 MARKET END USER COVERAGE GRID 146
2.10 VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 147
2.11 SECONDARY SOURCES 148
2.12 ASSUMPTIONS 148
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 149
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 152
4.1 PESTAL ANALYSIS 156
4.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 157
4.2.1 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION VOLUME AND THEIR COST FOR LIVER FIBROSIS BY COUNTRY 158
4.2.2 ENDOSCOPIC & MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES FOR LIVER FIBROSIS: VOLUME AND COST BY COUNTRY 159
4.2.3 PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY (LIVER RESECTION) COST BY COUNTRY 161
4.2.4 CELL-BASED THERAPY COST FOR LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT BY COUNTRY 162
4.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY 164
4.3.1 INCIDENCE OF ALL BY GENDER 164
4.3.2 TREATMENT RATE 164
4.3.3 TREATMENT RATE 165
4.3.4 DRUG ADHERENCE AND THERAPY SWITCH MODEL 165
4.3.5 PATIENT TREATMENT SUCCESS RATES 166
4.4 MARKETED DRUG ANALYSIS 167
4.5 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: IMPACTS ON ALL INCIDENCE RATES 172
4.5.1 PATIENT FLOW DIAGRAM 172
4.5.2 KEY PRICING STRATEGIES 173
4.5.3 KEY PATIENT ENROLLMENT STRATEGIES 175
5 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET: REGULATIONS 177
6 MARKET OVERVIEW 180
6.1 DRIVERS 182
6.1.1 INCREASING PREVALENCE OF LIVER DISEASES 182
6.1.2 RISING CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL 182
6.1.3 RISING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION RATES 183
6.1.4 GROWING INCIDENCE OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) & NASH 184
6.2 RESTRAINTS 185
6.2.1 LIMITED AWARENESS OF LIVER DISEASES 185
6.2.2 REGULATORY CHALLENGES 185
6.3 OPPORTUNITIES 187
6.3.1 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND ADVANCED TREATMENTS IN LIVER FIBROSIS MANAGEMENT 187
6.3.2 PROGRESS IN PIPELINE PRODUCTS FOR LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT 187
6.3.3 STRATEGIC MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AMONG THE KEY PLAYERS 188
6.4 CHALLENGES 190
6.4.1 LACK OF EFFECTIVE AND APPROVED ANTI-FIBROTIC DRUGS 190
6.4.2 HIGH COST OF TREATMENTS IN LIVER FIBROSIS CARE 190
7 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY TREATMENT TYPE 192
7.1 OVERVIEW 193
7.2 MEDICATION 196
7.2.1 ANTIVIRAL AGENTS 198
7.2.1.1 VELPATASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR 198
7.2.1.2 TENOFOVIR 198
7.2.1.3 LEDIPASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR 198
7.2.1.4 SOFOSBUVIR 198
7.2.1.5 ENTECAVIR 198
7.2.2 ANTIFIBROTIC AGENTS 200
7.2.2.1 OBETICHOLIC ACID 200
7.2.2.2 TGF-Β INHIBITORS 200
7.2.2.3 CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR (CTGF) INHIBITORS 200
7.2.2.4 LYSYL OXIDASE-LIKE 2 (LOXL2) INHIBITORS 200
7.2.2.5 OTHERS 200
7.2.3 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS 202
7.2.3.1 CORTICOSTEROIDS 202
7.2.3.1.1 PREDNISONE 202
7.2.3.1.2 DEXAMETHASONE 202
7.2.3.2 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) INHIBITORS 203
7.2.3.2.1 INFLIXIMAB 203
7.2.3.2.2 ETANERCEPT 203
7.2.3.3 INTERLEUKIN (IL) INHIBITORS 204
7.2.3.3.1 IL-6 INHIBITORS (TOCILIZUMAB) 204
7.2.3.3.2 IL-1 INHIBITORS (ANAKINRA) 204
7.2.4 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS 206
7.2.4.1 MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL 206
7.2.4.2 TACROLIMUS 206
7.2.4.3 CYCLOSPORINE 206
7.2.5 MARKETED DRUGS 207
7.2.5.1 VELPATASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR 207
7.2.5.2 TENOFOVIR 207
7.2.5.3 LEDIPASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR 207
7.2.5.4 OBETICHOLIC ACID (OCA) 208
7.2.5.5 SOFOSBUVIR 208
7.2.5.6 PIRFENIDONE 208
7.2.5.7 OTHERS 208
7.2.6 PIPELINE DRUGS 208
7.2.7 BRANDED DRUGS 209
7.2.7.1 EPCLUSA 209
7.2.7.2 VIREAD AND VEMLIDY 209
7.2.7.3 OCALIVA 209
7.2.7.4 HARVONI 210
7.2.7.5 SOVALDI 210
7.2.7.6 BARACLUDE 210
7.2.7.7 ACTOS 210
7.2.7.8 OTHERS 210
7.2.8 GENERIC DRUGS 210
7.2.9 ORAL 210
7.2.10 PARENTERAL 210
7.2.11 OTHERS 210
7.3 SURGERY/THERAPY 211
7.3.1 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION 212
7.3.2 ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANT (OLT) 212
7.3.3 LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANT (LDLT) 212
7.3.4 SPLIT LIVER TRANSPLANTATION 212
7.3.5 DOMINO LIVER TRANSPLANT 212
7.3.6 ENDOSCOPIC & MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES 213
7.3.6.1 ENDOSCOPIC VARICEAL LIGATION (EVL) 213
7.3.6.2 TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT (TIPS) 213
7.3.6.3 LIVER ABLATION PROCEDURES 213
7.3.6.3.1 RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION (RFA) 213
7.3.6.3.2 MICROWAVE ABLATION (MWA) 213
7.3.7 PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY (LIVER RESECTION) 214
7.3.7.1 SEGMENTAL RESECTION 214
7.3.7.2 LOBECTOMY 214
7.3.7.3 WEDGE RESECTION 214
7.3.8 CELL-BASED THERAPY 215
7.3.8.1 STEM CELL THERAPY 215
7.3.8.1.1 MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) 215
7.3.8.1.2 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS (HSCS) 215
7.3.8.2 GENE THERAPY 216
7.3.8.2.1 CRISPR-BASED LIVER REGENERATION 216
7.3.8.2.2 HEPATIC STELLATE CELL (HSC) INHIBITORS 216
7.3.8.2.3 SIRNA-BASED THERAPIES 216
7.3.8.2.4 HEPATOCYTE APOPTOSIS INHIBITORS 216
7.3.8.2.4.1 OXIDATIVE STRESS INHIBITORS 217
7.3.8.2.4.2 EMRICASAN 217
7.3.8.2.4.3 PENTOXIFYLLINE 217
7.3.8.2.4.4 LOSARTAN 217
7.3.8.2.4.5 METHYL FERULIC ACID 217
7.3.8.2.4.6 OTHERS 217
7.4 OTHERS 217
8 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY STAGES 218
8.1 OVERVIEW 219
8.2 F2 222
8.3 F1 223
8.4 F3 223
8.5 F4 224
9 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY INDICATION 225
9.1 OVERVIEW 226
9.2 NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) 229
9.3 HEPATITIS B & C-INDUCED FIBROSIS 230
9.3.1 CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) FIBROSIS 230
9.3.2 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) FIBROSIS 230
9.4 ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (ALD) 231
9.5 AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES 232
9.5.1 AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS (AIH) 233
9.5.2 PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS (PBC) 233
9.5.3 PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC) 233
9.6 GENETIC DISORDERS 233
9.6.1 HEMOCHROMATOSIS 234
9.6.2 WILSON’S DISEASE 234
9.6.3 ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY 234
9.7 OTHERS 234
10 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY GENDER 235
10.1 OVERVIEW 236
10.2 MALE 239
10.2.1 40-55 YEARS 240
10.2.2 ABOVE 55 YEARS 240
10.2.3 BELOW 40 YEARS 240
10.3 FEMALE 241
10.3.1 ABOVE 55 YEARS 241
10.3.2 40-55 YEARS 241
10.3.3 BELOW 40 YEARS 241
11 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY END USER 242
11.1 OVERVIEW 243
11.2 HOSPITALS 246
11.2.1 PUBLIC HOSPITALS 247
11.2.2 PRIVATE HOSPITALS 247
11.3 SPECIALTY CLINICS 247
11.3.1 HEPATOLOGY CLINICS 248
11.3.2 GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS 248
11.4 CLINICS 248
11.5 AMBULATORY AND RESEARCH CENTERS 249
11.6 OTHERS 250
12 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL 251
12.1 OVERVIEW 252
12.2 DIRECT TENDER 255
12.2.1 RETAIL SALES 256
12.2.1.1 HOSPITAL PHARMACY 256
12.2.1.2 RETAIL PHARMACY 256
12.2.1.3 ONLINE PHARMACY 256
13 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET, BY REGION 257
13.1 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 260
13.1.1 SOUTH AFRICA 277
13.1.2 SAUDI ARABIA 293
13.1.3 U.A.E 309
13.1.4 EGYPT 324
13.1.5 ISRAEL 339
13.1.6 KUWAIT 354
13.1.7 QATAR 369
13.1.8 OMAN 384
13.1.9 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 399
14 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA LIVER FIBROSIS TREATMENT MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE 400
14.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: GLOBAL 400
15 SWOT ANALYSIS 401
16 COMPANY PROFILES 402
16.1 GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. 402
16.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 402
16.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 403
16.1.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 403
16.1.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 404
16.1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 408
16.2 ABBVIE, INC. 410
16.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 410
16.2.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 410
16.2.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 411
16.2.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 411
16.2.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 411
16.3 MERCK & CO, INC. 412
16.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 412
16.3.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 413
16.3.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 413
16.3.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 413
16.3.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 413
16.4 NOVARTIS AG 414
16.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 414
16.4.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTED ANALYSIS 415
16.4.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 415
16.4.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 415
16.4.5 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 416
16.4.6 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 416
16.5 INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 417
16.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 417
16.5.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 417
16.5.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTED ANALYSIS 417
16.5.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 418
16.5.5 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 418
16.5.6 RECENT NEWS 419
16.6 ABBOTT 420
16.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 420
16.6.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 420
16.6.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 421
16.6.4 1.1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 421
16.7 ALIGOS THERAPEUTICS 422
16.7.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 422
16.7.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 422
16.7.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 423
16.7.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 423
16.8 ALNICHE LIFE SCIENCES PVT. LTD. 425
16.8.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 425
16.8.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 425
16.8.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 426
16.9 ALENTIS THERAPEUTICS AG 427
16.9.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 427
16.9.2 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 427
16.9.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 427
16.10 ADALTA LIMITED 428
16.10.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 428
16.10.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 428
16.10.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 429
16.10.4 RECENT NEWS 429
16.11 AKERO THERAPEUTICS, INC. 430
16.11.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 430
16.11.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 430
16.11.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 430
16.11.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 431
16.12 BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB 432
16.12.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 432
16.12.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 432
16.12.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 433
16.12.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 433
16.13 CALLIDITAS THERAPEUTICS AB 434
16.13.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 434
16.13.2 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 434
16.13.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 435
16.14 CUREVAC SE 436
16.14.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 436
16.14.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 436
16.14.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 437
16.14.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 437
16.15 CONATUSPHARMA 438
16.15.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 438
16.15.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 438
16.15.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 438
16.16 ENANTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 439
16.16.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 439
16.16.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 439
16.16.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 440
16.16.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 440
16.17 ECHOSENS 441
16.17.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 441
16.17.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 441
16.17.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 442
16.18 F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD 444
16.18.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 444
16.18.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 444
16.18.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 445
16.18.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 445
16.18.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 445
16.19 GALECTO BIOTECH 446
16.19.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 446
16.19.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 446
16.19.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 446
16.19.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 446
16.20 GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS, INC. 448
16.20.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 448
16.20.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS 448
16.20.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 448
16.20.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 449
16.21 GYRE THERAPEUTICS, INC. 451
16.21.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 451
16.21.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTED ANALYSIS 452
16.21.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 452
16.21.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 453
16.22 GENFIT SA 454
16.22.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 454
16.22.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTED ANALYSIS 454
16.22.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 455
16.22.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 455
16.23 HEPION PHARMACEUTICALS 457
16.23.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 457
16.23.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 457
16.23.3 PIPELINE PORTFOLIO 457
16.23.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 457
16.24 IPSEN PHARMA 459
16.24.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 459
16.24.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 459
16.24.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 460
16.24.4 RECENT NEWS/DEVELOPMENTS 460
16.25 LA RENON HEALTHCARE PVT. LTD. 462
16.25.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 462
16.25.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 462
16.25.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 464
16.26 MADRIGAL PHARMACEUTICALS 465
16.26.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 465
16.26.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS AND SEGMENTED ANALYSIS 465
16.26.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 465
16.26.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 466
16.27 NOVO NORDISK A/S 467
16.27.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 467
16.27.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 467
16.27.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 468
16.27.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 468
16.28 NOVOMEDIX 469
16.28.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 469
16.28.2 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 469
16.28.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 469
16.29 PILANT THERAPEUTICS, INC. 470
16.29.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 470
16.29.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 470
16.29.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 471
16.29.4 RECENT NEWS 471
16.30 PFIZER INC. 472
16.30.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 472
16.30.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 472
16.30.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 473
16.30.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 473
16.31 SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES 474
16.31.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOTS 474
16.31.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 474
16.31.3 1.1.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 474
16.31.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 475
16.32 TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED 476
16.32.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 476
16.32.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 477
16.32.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 477
16.32.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 478
16.32.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 479
16.33 TVARDI THERAPEUTICS 480
16.33.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 480
16.33.2 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 480
16.33.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT/NEWS 481
16.34 VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED 482
16.34.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 482
16.34.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 482
16.34.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 483
16.34.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 484
16.35 VIKING THERAPEUTICS 486
16.35.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 486
16.35.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 486
16.35.3 PIPELINE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 486
16.35.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 487
17 QUESTIONNAIRE 488
18 RELATED REPORTS 492