Summary

The global Review Monitoring Tool market is projected to grow from US$ 1642 million in 2025 to US$ 2371 million by 2032, at a CAGR of 5.4% (2026-2032), driven by critical product segments and diverse end‑use applications. To address the problems of inefficiency in manual screening, inaccurate sentiment analysis, delayed response to negative public opinion, and fragmented data across multiple platforms in traditional comment monitoring, comment monitoring tools have emerged. Since the explosion of social media and the surge in user-generated content (UGC) in the early 21st century, these tools have evolved from basic keyword filtering to intelligent semantic analysis. Currently, comment monitoring tools are widely used in e-commerce platforms (such as user review analysis), social media management (such as brand reputation monitoring), news portals (such as public opinion trend prediction), government public opinion analysis, and enterprise customer service optimization. As a core component of enterprise digital operations, comment monitoring tools significantly improve the efficiency of brand reputation management and the speed of product iteration by collecting and analyzing user comment data in real time. With the deep integration of AI, edge computing, and privacy computing technologies, the industry is developing towards intelligence, integration, and compliance. However, challenges such as data privacy compliance, multi-source data integration, and the accuracy of sentiment analysis still require breakthroughs through technological innovation and ecosystem cooperation. In the future, comment monitoring tools will become a key infrastructure for enterprises to build user insight systems, driving business innovation and sustainable development, especially in high-value-added fields such as consumer electronics, healthcare, and financial services, where they possess irreplaceable strategic value. Report Includes: This definitive report equips business leaders, decision-makers, and stakeholders with a 360° view of the global Review Monitoring Tool market across value chain. It analyzes historical revenue data (2021–2025) and delivers forecasts through 2032, illuminating demand trends and growth drivers. By segmenting the market by Type and by Application, the study quantifies market size, growth rates, niche opportunities, and substitution risks, and analyzes downstream customer distribution pattern. Granular regional insights cover five major markets (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and MEA) with in‑depth analysis of 20+ countries, detailing dominant products, competitive landscape, and downstream demand trends. Critical competitive intelligence profiles players (revenue, margins, pricing strategies, and major customers) and dissects the top-player positioning across product lines, applications, and regions to reveal strategic strengths. A concise Industry‑chain overview maps upstream, middle stream, and downstream distribution dynamics to identify strategic gaps and unmet demand. Market Segmentation By Company Podium Reputation Yext Sprinklr Sprout Social Cision Meltwater Hootsuite Chatmeter SOCi InMoment Uberall BrightLocal Synup NiceJob Appbot ReviewPush ReviewInc LocalClarity Marqii ReputationStacker Mention Mentionlytics Wisers Information Limited Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Tribal Media House, Inc. CINC Segment by Type Local Deployment Cloud-based Segment by Technical Architecture Rule-based AI-based Segment by Data Processing Capacity <1,000 times/day >10,000 times/day Segment by Application Daily Chemicals & Beauty E-commerce Retail Catering Internet Other Segment by Region North America United States Canada Mexico Asia-Pacific China Japan South Korea India Australia Vietnam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Rest of Asia Europe Germany U.K. France Italy Spain Benelux Russia Rest of Europe Central and South America Brazil Argentina Rest of Central and South America Middle East & Africa GCC Countries Egypt Israel South Africa Rest of MEA Chapter Outline Chapter 1: Defines the Review Monitoring Tool study scope, segments the market by Type and by Application, etc, highlights segment size and growth potential Chapter 2: Offers current market state, projects global revenue and sales to 2032, pinpointing high consumption regions and emerging market catalysts Chapter 3: Dissects the player landscape: ranks by revenue and profitability, details Player performance by product type and evaluates concentration alongside M&A moves Chapter 4: Unlocks high margin product segments: compares revenue, ASP, and technology differentiators, highlighting growth niches and substitution risks Chapter 5: Targets downstream market opportunities: evaluates market size by Application, identifies emerging use cases, and profiles leading customers by region and by Application Chapter 6: North America: breaks down market size by Application and country, profiles key players and assesses growth drivers and barriers Chapter 7: Europe: analyses regional market by Application and players, flagging drivers and barriers Chapter 8: Asia Pacific: quantifies market size by Application, and region/country, profiles top players, and uncovers high potential expansion areas Chapter 9: Central & South America: measures market size by Application, and country, profiles top players, and identifies investment opportunities and challenges Chapter 10: Middle East and Africa: evaluates market size by Application, and country, profiles key players, and outlines investment prospects and market hurdles Chapter 11: Profiles players in depth: details product specs, revenue, margins; top-tier players 2025 sales breakdowns by product type, by Application, by region SWOT analysis, and recent strategic developments Chapter 12: Value chain and ecosystem: analyses upstream, midstream, plus downstream channels Chapter 13: Market dynamics: explores drivers, restraints, regulatory impacts, and risk mitigation strategies Chapter 14: Actionable conclusions and strategic recommendations. Why This Report: Beyond standard market data, this analysis provides a clear profitability roadmap, empowering you to: Allocate capital strategically to high growth regions (Chapters 6-10) and margin rich segments (Chapter 5). Negotiate from strength with suppliers (Chapter 12) and customers (Chapter 5) using cost and demand intelligence. Outmaneuver competitors with granular insights into their operations, margins, and strategies (Chapters 3 and 11). Capitalize on the projected billion‑dollar opportunity with data‑driven regional and segment tactics (Chapter 12-14). Leverage this 360° intelligence to turn market complexity into actionable competitive advantage.

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Table of Contents

1 Study Coverage 1.1 Introduction to Review Monitoring Tool: Definition, Properties, and Key Attributes 1.2 Market Segmentation by Type 1.2.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Type, 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 1.2.2 Local Deployment 1.2.3 Cloud-based 1.3 Market Segmentation by Technical Architecture 1.3.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Technical Architecture, 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 1.3.2 Rule-based 1.3.3 AI-based 1.4 Market Segmentation by Data Processing Capacity 1.4.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Data Processing Capacity, 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 1.4.2 <1,000 times/day 1.4.3 >10,000 times/day 1.5 Market Segmentation by Application 1.5.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application, 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 1.5.2 Daily Chemicals & Beauty 1.5.3 E-commerce Retail 1.5.4 Catering 1.5.5 Internet 1.5.6 Other 1.6 Assumptions and Limitations 1.7 Study Objectives 1.8 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032) 2.2 Global Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Region 2.2.1 Revenue Comparison: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 2.2.2 Historical and Forecasted Revenue by Region (2021-2032) 2.2.3 Global Revenue-Based Market Share by Region (2021-2032) 2.2.4 Emerging Market Focus: Growth Drivers & Investment Trends 3 Competitive Landscape 3.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Players’ Revenue Rankings and Profitability 3.1.1 Global Revenue (Value) by Players (2021-2026) 3.1.2 Global Key Players’ Revenue Ranking (2024 vs 2025) 3.1.3 Revenue-Based Tier Segmentation (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 3.1.4 Gross Margin by Top Players (2021 vs 2025) 3.2 Global Review Monitoring Tool Companies Headquarters and Service Footprint 3.3 Key Player Market Share by Product Type 3.3.1 Local Deployment: Market Share by Key Players 3.3.2 Cloud-based: Market Share by Key Players 3.4 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market Concentration and Dynamics 3.4.1 Global Market Concentration 3.4.2 Market Entry and Exit Analysis 3.4.3 Strategic Moves: M&A, Expansion, R&D Investment 4 Product Segmentation 4.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market by Type 4.1.1 Global Revenue by Type (2021-2032) 4.1.2 Global Revenue-Based Market Share by Type (2021-2032) 4.2 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market by Technical Architecture 4.2.1 Global Revenue by Technical Architecture (2021-2032) 4.2.2 Global Revenue-Based Market Share by Technical Architecture (2021-2032) 4.3 Global Review Monitoring Tool Market by Data Processing Capacity 4.3.1 Global Revenue by Data Processing Capacity (2021-2032) 4.3.2 Global Revenue-Based Market Share by Data Processing Capacity (2021-2032) 4.4 Key Product Attributes and Differentiation 4.5 Subtype Dynamics: Growth Leaders, Profitability and Risk 4.5.1 High-Growth Niches and Adoption Drivers 4.5.2 Profitability Hotspots and Cost Drivers 4.5.3 Substitution Threats 5 Downstream Applications and Customers 5.1 Global Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application 5.1.1 Global Historical and Forecasted Revenue by Application (2021-2032) 5.1.2 Revenue-Based Market Share by Application (2021-2032) 5.1.3 High-Growth Application Identification 5.1.4 Emerging Application Case Studies 5.2 Downstream Customer Analysis 5.2.1 Top Customers by Region 5.2.2 Top Customers by Application 6 North America 6.1 North America Market Size (2021-2032) 6.2 North America Key Players’ Revenue in 2025 6.3 North America Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application (2021-2032) 6.4 North America Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers 6.5 North America Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Country 6.5.1 North America Revenue Trends by Country 6.5.2 US 6.5.3 Canada 6.5.4 Mexico 7 Europe 7.1 Europe Market Size (2021-2032) 7.2 Europe Key Players’ Revenue in 2025 7.3 Europe Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application (2021-2032) 7.4 Europe Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers 7.5 Europe Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Country 7.5.1 Europe Revenue Trends by Country 7.5.2 Germany 7.5.3 France 7.5.4 U.K. 7.5.5 Italy 7.5.6 Russia 8 Asia-Pacific 8.1 Asia-Pacific Market Size (2021-2032) 8.2 Asia-Pacific Key Players’ Revenue in 2025 8.3 Asia-Pacific Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application (2021-2032) 8.4 Asia-Pacific Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers 8.5 Asia-Pacific Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Region 8.5.1 Asia-Pacific Revenue Trends by Region 8.6 China 8.7 Japan 8.8 South Korea 8.9 Australia 8.10 India 8.11 Southeast Asia 8.11.1 Indonesia 8.11.2 Vietnam 8.11.3 Malaysia 8.11.4 Philippines 8.11.5 Singapore 9 Central and South America 9.1 Central and South America Market Size (2021-2032) 9.2 Central and South America Key Players’ Revenue in 2025 9.3 Central and South America Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application (2021-2032) 9.4 Central and South America Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges 9.5 Central and South America Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Country 9.5.1 Central and South America Revenue Trends by Country (2021 vs 2025 vs 2032) 9.5.2 Brazil 9.5.3 Argentina 10 Middle East and Africa 10.1 Middle East and Africa Market Size (2021-2032) 10.2 Middle East and Africa Key Players’ Revenue in 2025 10.3 Middle East and Africa Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Application (2021-2032) 10.4 Middle East and Africa Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges 10.5 Middle East and Africa Review Monitoring Tool Market Size by Country 10.5.1 Middle East and Africa Revenue Trends by Country (2021 vs 2025 vs 2032) 10.5.2 GCC Countries 10.5.3 Israel 10.5.4 Egypt 10.5.5 South Africa 11 Corporate Profile 11.1 Podium 11.1.1 Podium Corporation Information 11.1.2 Podium Business Overview 11.1.3 Podium Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.1.4 Podium Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.1.5 Podium Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Product in 2025 11.1.6 Podium Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application in 2025 11.1.7 Podium Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Geographic Area in 2025 11.1.8 Podium Review Monitoring Tool SWOT Analysis 11.1.9 Podium Recent Developments 11.2 Reputation 11.2.1 Reputation Corporation Information 11.2.2 Reputation Business Overview 11.2.3 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.2.4 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.2.5 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Product in 2025 11.2.6 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application in 2025 11.2.7 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Geographic Area in 2025 11.2.8 Reputation Review Monitoring Tool SWOT Analysis 11.2.9 Reputation Recent Developments 11.3 Yext 11.3.1 Yext Corporation Information 11.3.2 Yext Business Overview 11.3.3 Yext Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.3.4 Yext Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.3.5 Yext Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Product in 2025 11.3.6 Yext Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application in 2025 11.3.7 Yext Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Geographic Area in 2025 11.3.8 Yext Review Monitoring Tool SWOT Analysis 11.3.9 Yext Recent Developments 11.4 Sprinklr 11.4.1 Sprinklr Corporation Information 11.4.2 Sprinklr Business Overview 11.4.3 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.4.4 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.4.5 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Product in 2025 11.4.6 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application in 2025 11.4.7 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Geographic Area in 2025 11.4.8 Sprinklr Review Monitoring Tool SWOT Analysis 11.4.9 Sprinklr Recent Developments 11.5 Sprout Social 11.5.1 Sprout Social Corporation Information 11.5.2 Sprout Social Business Overview 11.5.3 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.5.4 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.5.5 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Product in 2025 11.5.6 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Application in 2025 11.5.7 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool Revenue by Geographic Area in 2025 11.5.8 Sprout Social Review Monitoring Tool SWOT Analysis 11.5.9 Sprout Social Recent Developments 11.6 Cision 11.6.1 Cision Corporation Information 11.6.2 Cision Business Overview 11.6.3 Cision Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.6.4 Cision Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.6.5 Cision Recent Developments 11.7 Meltwater 11.7.1 Meltwater Corporation Information 11.7.2 Meltwater Business Overview 11.7.3 Meltwater Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.7.4 Meltwater Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.7.5 Meltwater Recent Developments 11.8 Hootsuite 11.8.1 Hootsuite Corporation Information 11.8.2 Hootsuite Business Overview 11.8.3 Hootsuite Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.8.4 Hootsuite Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.8.5 Hootsuite Recent Developments 11.9 Chatmeter 11.9.1 Chatmeter Corporation Information 11.9.2 Chatmeter Business Overview 11.9.3 Chatmeter Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.9.4 Chatmeter Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.9.5 Chatmeter Recent Developments 11.10 SOCi 11.10.1 SOCi Corporation Information 11.10.2 SOCi Business Overview 11.10.3 SOCi Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.10.4 SOCi Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.10.5 Company Ten Recent Developments 11.11 InMoment 11.11.1 InMoment Corporation Information 11.11.2 InMoment Business Overview 11.11.3 InMoment Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.11.4 InMoment Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.11.5 InMoment Recent Developments 11.12 Uberall 11.12.1 Uberall Corporation Information 11.12.2 Uberall Business Overview 11.12.3 Uberall Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.12.4 Uberall Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.12.5 Uberall Recent Developments 11.13 BrightLocal 11.13.1 BrightLocal Corporation Information 11.13.2 BrightLocal Business Overview 11.13.3 BrightLocal Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.13.4 BrightLocal Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.13.5 BrightLocal Recent Developments 11.14 Synup 11.14.1 Synup Corporation Information 11.14.2 Synup Business Overview 11.14.3 Synup Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.14.4 Synup Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.14.5 Synup Recent Developments 11.15 NiceJob 11.15.1 NiceJob Corporation Information 11.15.2 NiceJob Business Overview 11.15.3 NiceJob Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.15.4 NiceJob Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.15.5 NiceJob Recent Developments 11.16 Appbot 11.16.1 Appbot Corporation Information 11.16.2 Appbot Business Overview 11.16.3 Appbot Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.16.4 Appbot Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.16.5 Appbot Recent Developments 11.17 ReviewPush 11.17.1 ReviewPush Corporation Information 11.17.2 ReviewPush Business Overview 11.17.3 ReviewPush Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.17.4 ReviewPush Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.17.5 ReviewPush Recent Developments 11.18 ReviewInc 11.18.1 ReviewInc Corporation Information 11.18.2 ReviewInc Business Overview 11.18.3 ReviewInc Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.18.4 ReviewInc Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.18.5 ReviewInc Recent Developments 11.19 LocalClarity 11.19.1 LocalClarity Corporation Information 11.19.2 LocalClarity Business Overview 11.19.3 LocalClarity Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.19.4 LocalClarity Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.19.5 LocalClarity Recent Developments 11.20 Marqii 11.20.1 Marqii Corporation Information 11.20.2 Marqii Business Overview 11.20.3 Marqii Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.20.4 Marqii Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.20.5 Marqii Recent Developments 11.21 ReputationStacker 11.21.1 ReputationStacker Corporation Information 11.21.2 ReputationStacker Business Overview 11.21.3 ReputationStacker Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.21.4 ReputationStacker Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.21.5 ReputationStacker Recent Developments 11.22 Mention 11.22.1 Mention Corporation Information 11.22.2 Mention Business Overview 11.22.3 Mention Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.22.4 Mention Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.22.5 Mention Recent Developments 11.23 Mentionlytics 11.23.1 Mentionlytics Corporation Information 11.23.2 Mentionlytics Business Overview 11.23.3 Mentionlytics Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.23.4 Mentionlytics Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.23.5 Mentionlytics Recent Developments 11.24 Wisers Information Limited 11.24.1 Wisers Information Limited Corporation Information 11.24.2 Wisers Information Limited Business Overview 11.24.3 Wisers Information Limited Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.24.4 Wisers Information Limited Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.24.5 Wisers Information Limited Recent Developments 11.25 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. 11.25.1 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Corporation Information 11.25.2 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Business Overview 11.25.3 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.25.4 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.25.5 Hunan Shiwei Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments 11.26 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. 11.26.1 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Corporation Information 11.26.2 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Business Overview 11.26.3 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.26.4 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.26.5 Beijing Qingbo Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments 11.27 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. 11.27.1 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Corporation Information 11.27.2 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Business Overview 11.27.3 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.27.4 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.27.5 Plus Alpha Consulting Co.,Ltd. Recent Developments 11.28 Tribal Media House, Inc. 11.28.1 Tribal Media House, Inc. Corporation Information 11.28.2 Tribal Media House, Inc. Business Overview 11.28.3 Tribal Media House, Inc. Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.28.4 Tribal Media House, Inc. Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.28.5 Tribal Media House, Inc. Recent Developments 11.29 CINC 11.29.1 CINC Corporation Information 11.29.2 CINC Business Overview 11.29.3 CINC Review Monitoring Tool Product Features and Attributes 11.29.4 CINC Review Monitoring Tool Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026) 11.29.5 CINC Recent Developments 12 Review Monitoring Tool Value Chain and Ecosystem Analysis 12.1 Review Monitoring Tool Value Chain (Ecosystem Structure) 12.2 Upstream Analysis 12.2.1 Key Technologies, Platforms and Infrastructure 12.3 Midstream Analysis 12.4 Downstream Sales Model and Distribution Networks 12.4.1 Sales Channels 12.4.2 Distributors 13 Review Monitoring Tool Market Dynamics 13.1 Industry Trends and Evolution 13.2 Market Growth Drivers and Emerging Opportunities 13.3 Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints 14 Key Findings in the Global Review Monitoring Tool Study 15 Appendix 15.1 Research Methodology 15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation 15.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.1.2 Data Source 15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.1.2.2 Primary Sources 15.2 Author Details