詳細検索

詳細検索

×

キーワード検索の使い方

×
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
日

お問い合わせ

二酸化炭素回収・利用・貯留（CCUS）：2027年～2047年の世界市場

二酸化炭素回収・利用・貯留（CCUS）：2027年～2047年の世界市場


Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS): Global Market 2027-2047

  炭素回収・利用・貯留（CCUS）とは、産業の点源や大気中から二酸化炭素を回収し、それを地下に恒久的に貯留するか、あるいは商業的に価値のある製品に変換する一連の技術のことです。 従来型の発... もっと見る

　

　

出版社
Future Markets, inc.
フューチャーマーケッツインク
出版年月
2026年6月15日
電子版価格
GBP1,200
ベーシックライセンス (PDF)
ライセンス・価格情報／注文方法はこちら
納期
PDF：3-5営業日程度
ページ数
713
図表数
447
言語
英語

　

サマリー


 

炭素回収・利用・貯留（CCUS）とは、産業の点源や大気中から二酸化炭素を回収し、それを地下に恒久的に貯留するか、あるいは商業的に価値のある製品に変換する一連の技術のことです。 従来型の発電所に炭素回収システムを適用すると、対策を実施していない施設と比較して、CO₂排出量をおよそ80～90％削減できる。この一連のプロセスは、二酸化炭素の回収、輸送、そして枯渇した石油・ガス田や深層塩水帯水層などの地層への貯留、あるいは利用という3つの段階で構成される。
 
CO₂はすでに世界的に取引されている商品であり、年間約2億3,000万トンが消費されている。最大の消費者は肥料業界で、尿素製造に約1億3,000万トンを使用しており、次いで石油・ガス部門が、石油増進回収（EOR）に7,000万～8,000万トンを使用している。 その他の確立された用途としては、食品・飲料の生産、金属加工、冷却、消火、温室での植物の成長促進などが挙げられる。 現在の商業利用の多くはCO₂の直接利用によるものですが、新たな手法として、鉱物や鉄スラグなどの産業廃棄物と反応させて安定した炭酸塩を形成することで、CO₂を合成燃料、化学品、ポリマー、建築資材に変換する取り組みが進んでいます。
 
CCUSのビジネスモデルは、温室効果ガスの排出削減を中核としつつ、回収した炭素から経済的価値を創出することに重点を置いている。事業者は、排出源や大気からCO₂を回収し、輸送した上で、貯留または利用する。収益源としては、カーボンクレジット、回収したCO₂の販売、石油増進回収（EOR）、および米国の45Q税額控除などの政府によるインセンティブが挙げられる。 コスト構造は、インフラへの多額の設備投資、継続的な運営コスト、そして継続的な研究開発投資が主な構成要素となっている。競争優位性は通常、独自の回収技術、バリューチェーン全体にわたる戦略的パートナーシップ、および共有ハブやクラスターを通じて達成される規模の経済から得られる。
 
規制環境は、市場の成長を左右する決定的な要因である。EU排出量取引制度（ETS）、米国や中国のコンプライアンス市場、自主的な炭素市場といった炭素価格設定メカニズムと、排出削減義務が相まって、プロジェクトの実現可能性を決定づける。 主な障壁としては、依然として高い回収コスト、輸送・貯留インフラの不足、規制の不確実性、および貯留されたCO₂に対する長期的な責任が挙げられる。こうした課題があるにもかかわらず、CCUSは、代替手段がほとんど存在しないセメント、鉄鋼、化学、ブルー水素といった脱炭素化が困難なセクターにおいて、不可欠なものとしてますます認識されつつある。
 
本包括的な市場レポートは、20年間の予測期間にわたる世界のCCUS産業について詳細な分析を提供する。回収、輸送、利用、貯留というバリューチェーン全体を検証し、回収方式、CO₂の最終用途、排出源セクター、地域ごとに細分化された詳細な市場予測を提示する。 本レポートは、成熟した燃焼後化学吸収法から、新興技術である直接空気回収（DAC）、電気化学的変換、強化鉱化に至るまで、技術の全容を網羅しています。 また、北米、欧州、アジアにおけるCCUSプロジェクトの経済性、CAPEXおよびOPEX削減戦略、炭素価格制度、ビジネスモデル、政策環境についても分析しています。 また、本レポートでは、燃料、化学品、建築資材、生物生産性の向上、石油増進回収といった利用経路の評価に加え、貯留および輸送に関する詳細な分析も行っています。最後に、バリューチェーン全体で事業を展開する約400社の企業プロファイルを紹介しています。
 
主な内容は以下の通りです：
 
  • 主要なCO₂排出源、商品としてのCO₂、気候目標、市場の推進要因と動向、2020年～2025年の業界動向、ベンチャーキャピタル（VC）による資金調達、および政府の取り組みを網羅したエグゼクティブサマリー。
  • 2047年までのエンドポイントおよび地域別の回収能力に関する市場予測、収益ポテンシャル、回収方式別の能力、排出源セクター別の点源能力、および2025年～2047年のコスト予測。
  • 燃焼後回収、燃焼前回収、酸素燃料燃焼を含む炭素回収技術、技術成熟度レベル、エネルギー消費量、および回収コスト。
  • ブルー水素、セメント、鉄鋼、発電、およびBECCSに関する各セクターの詳細分析。
  • 直接大気回収（DAC）技術、プラントおよびプロジェクト、回収能力の予測、コスト、市場の見通し。
  • 二酸化炭素除去（CDR）：BECCS、鉱物化、強化風化、植林、バイオ炭、土壌炭素隔離、および海洋ベースのCDRを網羅。
  • 二酸化炭素の利用経路、変換プロセス、および燃料、化学品、建設資材、生物学的用途に関する予測。
  • 二酸化炭素貯留施設の種類、貯留容量の推計、モニタリング技術、CO₂-EOR、および貯留プロジェクト。
  • パイプライン、船舶、鉄道、トラックによる二酸化炭素輸送、およびスマートパイプラインネットワークとハブ。
  • 45Q税額控除、EU排出量取引制度（EU ETS）、自主的な炭素市場を含む炭素価格設定およびビジネスモデル。
  • 回収、利用、貯留、輸送の各分野にまたがる約400社の詳細な企業プロファイル（8 Rivers、3R-BioPhosphate、Adaptavate、Again、Aeroborn B.V.、Aether Diamonds、AirCapture LLC、Aircela Inc、Aurora Hydrogen、Airrane、Air Company、Air Liquide S.A.、 Air Products and Chemicals Inc.、Air Protein、Air Quality Solutions Worldwide DAC、Airex Energy、AirHive、Airovation Technologies、Algal Bio Co. Ltd.、Algenol、Algiecel ApS、Andes Ag Inc.、Anhui Conch Cement Group、 Applied Carbon、Aqualung Carbon Capture、Arborea、Arca、Ardent Process Technologies、Arkeon Biotechnologies、旭化成、AspiraDAC Pty Ltd.、Aspiring Materials、Atoco、Avantium N.V.、Avnos Inc.、Aymium、Axens SA、 アゾラ、ベイカー・ヒューズ、バニュ・カーボン、バートン・ブレイクリー・テクノロジーズ社、BASFグループ、BCバイオカーボン、BP PLC、北京カーボンテック工業、バイオチャール・ナウ、バイオロジカ・カーボン社、バイオマコン社、バイオソラ、ブルー・プラネット・システムズ社、ブルーシンク社、 Boomitra、Brineworks、BluSky Inc.、Breathe Applied Sciences、Bright Renewables、Brilliant Planet Systems、bse Methanol GmbH、C-Capture、Concrete4Change、Cool Planet Energy Systems、Coval Energy B.V.、 コベストロAG、C-クエスター社、C-クエストラ、Cquestr8リミテッド、CREWカーボン、シアノキャプチャー、DACMA、D-CRBN、 Decarbontek LLC、Deep Branch Biotechnology、Deep Sky、Denbury Inc.、Dimensional Energy、Dioxide Materials、Dioxycle、Drax、Earth RepAIR、Ebb Carbon、Ecocera、eChemicles、ecoLocked GmbH、EDAC Labs、Eion Carbon、Econic Technologies Ltd、 EcoClosure LLC、Ecospray Technologies、Ekona Power、Electrochaea GmbH、Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT)、Empower Materials Inc.、Enerkem Inc.、enaDyne GmbH、Entropy Inc.、E-Quester、Equatic、Equinor ASA、ESTECH、 エボニック・インダストリーズAG、エクソマッド・グリーン、エクソンモービル、44.01、フェアブリックス、ファーボ・エナジー、フルーア・コーポレーション、フォルテラ・コーポレーション、フォータム、フレマージー社、フレール・バイオチャー、フューエルセル・エナジー社、ファンガ、GEガス・パワー（ゼネラル・エレクトリック）、 Giammarco Vetrocoke、GigaBlue、GIG Karasek、Giner Inc.、Global Algae Innovations、Global Thermostat LLC、Graphyte、Grassroots Biochar AB、Graviky Labs、GreenCap Solutions AS、 Greenlyte Carbon Technologies、Greeniron H2 AB、Green Sequest、Gulf Coast Sequestration、greenSand、Hago Energetics、Haldor Topsoe、Hazer Group、Heimdal CCU、Heirloom Carbon Technologies、HIF Global、High Hopes Labs、Holcim Group、Holocene、Holy Grail Inc.、 ハネウェル、Oy Hydrocell Ltd.、HYCO1、Hyvegeo、1point8、IHI株式会社、Immaterial Ltd、Ineratec GmbH、 インフィニツリーLLC、インフィニウム、イノベーター・エナジー、イノセプラLLC、インプラネットGmbH、インターアース、IONクリーン・エナジー社、ジャパンCCS株式会社、ジュピター・オキシジェン社、川崎重工業株式会社、 KC8キャプチャー・テクノロジーズ（KC8）、クライェテGmbH、ランザジェット社、ランザテック、レクトロリストLLC、レヴィディアン・ナノシステムズ、リメネット、リンデ・グループ、リキッド・ウィンドAB、リトス・カーボン、リビング・カーボン、ローム・バイオ、ロー・カーボン・コリア、ロー・カーボン・マテリアルズ、メイド・オブ・エアGmbH、 Mango Materials Inc.、Mantel Capture、Mars Materials、Mattershift、Mati Carbon、MCI Carbon、Membrane Technology and Research (MTR)、Mercurius Biorefining、Minera Systems、Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon など……
 


お問い合わせ

お問合せ種類／内容 *

補足が有ればご記入ください
貴社名*
ご担当者名 * 姓 名
メールアドレス *

　

ページTOPに戻る


　

Summary


 

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a suite of technologies that capture carbon dioxide from industrial point sources or directly from the atmosphere, then either store it permanently underground or convert it into commercially valuable products. Applied to a conventional power plant, carbon capture systems can reduce CO₂ emissions by roughly 80–90% compared to an uncontrolled facility. The full chain consists of three stages: capturing the carbon dioxide, transporting it, and either storing it in geological formations—such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers—or utilizing it.
 
CO₂ is already a globally traded commodity, with around 230 million tonnes consumed each year. The fertilizer industry is the largest consumer, using roughly 130 Mt for urea manufacturing, followed by the oil and gas sector, which uses 70–80 Mt for enhanced oil recovery. Other established applications include food and beverage production, metal fabrication, cooling, fire suppression, and stimulating plant growth in greenhouses. While most commercial use today involves the direct application of CO₂, emerging pathways are transforming it into synthetic fuels, chemicals, polymers, and building materials—often by reacting it with minerals or industrial waste streams such as iron slag to form stable carbonates.
 
The CCUS business model centers on reducing greenhouse gas emissions while creating economic value from captured carbon. Operators capture CO₂ from emitters or the air, transport it, and store or utilize it. Revenue streams arise from carbon credits, the sale of captured CO₂, enhanced oil recovery, and government incentives such as the US 45Q tax credit. The cost structure is dominated by substantial capital expenditure on infrastructure, ongoing operational costs, and continued R&D investment. Competitive advantage typically derives from proprietary capture technologies, strategic partnerships across the value chain, and economies of scale achieved through shared hubs and clusters.
 
The regulatory environment is the decisive factor shaping market growth. Carbon pricing mechanisms—including the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, compliance markets in the US and China, and voluntary carbon markets—alongside emissions-reduction mandates determine project viability. Key barriers remain high capture costs, transport and storage infrastructure gaps, regulatory uncertainty, and long-term liability for stored CO₂. Despite these challenges, CCUS is increasingly viewed as indispensable for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors such as cement, steel, chemicals, and blue hydrogen, where few alternative pathways exist.
 
This comprehensive market report provides an in-depth analysis of the global CCUS industry across a twenty-year forecast horizon. It examines the entire value chain—capture, transport, utilization, and storage—and delivers granular market forecasts segmented by capture type, CO₂ endpoint, source sector, and region. The report covers the full technology landscape, from mature post-combustion chemical absorption through to emerging direct air capture (DAC), electrochemical conversion, and enhanced mineralization. It analyzes the economics of CCUS projects, CAPEX and OPEX reduction strategies, carbon pricing regimes, business models, and the policy environment across North America, Europe, and Asia. The report also assesses utilization pathways—fuels, chemicals, building materials, biological yield-boosting, and enhanced oil recovery—alongside detailed storage and transportation analysis. It concludes with profiles of nearly 400 companies operating across the value chain.
 
Key content areas include:
 
  • Executive summary covering main CO₂ emission sources, CO₂ as a commodity, climate targets, market drivers and trends, industry developments 2020–2025, VC funding, and government initiatives.
  • Market forecasts for capture capacity by endpoint and region to 2047, revenue potential, capacity by capture type, point-source capacity by source sector, and cost projections 2025–2047.
  • Carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, technology readiness levels, energy consumption, and capture costs.
  • Sector deep-dives into blue hydrogen, cement, steel, power generation, and BECCS.
  • Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies, plants and projects, capacity forecasts, costs, and market prospects.
  • Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) covering BECCS, mineralization, enhanced weathering, afforestation, biochar, soil carbon sequestration, and ocean-based CDR.
  • Carbon dioxide utilization pathways, conversion processes, and forecasts for fuels, chemicals, construction materials, and biological applications.
  • Carbon dioxide storage site types, capacity estimates, monitoring technologies, CO₂-EOR, and storage projects.
  • Carbon dioxide transportation by pipeline, ship, rail, and truck, plus smart pipeline networks and hubs.
  • Carbon pricing and business models including 45Q tax credits, the EU ETS, and voluntary carbon markets.
  • Nearly 400 detailed company profiles spanning capture, utilization, storage, and transportation including 8 Rivers, 3R-BioPhosphate, Adaptavate, Again, Aeroborn B.V., Aether Diamonds, AirCapture LLC, Aircela Inc, Aurora Hydrogen, Airrane, Air Company, Air Liquide S.A., Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Air Protein, Air Quality Solutions Worldwide DAC, Airex Energy, AirHive, Airovation Technologies, Algal Bio Co. Ltd., Algenol, Algiecel ApS, Andes Ag Inc., Anhui Conch Cement Group, Applied Carbon, Aqualung Carbon Capture, Arborea, Arca, Ardent Process Technologies, Arkeon Biotechnologies, Asahi Kasei, AspiraDAC Pty Ltd., Aspiring Materials, Atoco, Avantium N.V., Avnos Inc., Aymium, Axens SA, Azolla, Baker Hughes, Banyu Carbon, Barton Blakeley Technologies Ltd., BASF Group, BC Biocarbon, BP PLC, Beijing Carbontech Industrial Co., Biochar Now, Bio-Logica Carbon Ltd., Biomacon GmbH, Biosorra, Blue Planet Systems Corporation, Blusink Ltd., Boomitra, Brineworks, BluSky Inc., Breathe Applied Sciences, Bright Renewables, Brilliant Planet Systems, bse Methanol GmbH, C-Capture, Concrete4Change, Cool Planet Energy Systems, Coval Energy B.V., Covestro AG, C-Quester Inc., C-Questra, Cquestr8 Limited, CREW Carbon, CyanoCapture, DACMA, D-CRBN, Decarbontek LLC, Deep Branch Biotechnology, Deep Sky, Denbury Inc., Dimensional Energy, Dioxide Materials, Dioxycle, Drax, Earth RepAIR, Ebb Carbon, Ecocera, eChemicles, ecoLocked GmbH, EDAC Labs, Eion Carbon, Econic Technologies Ltd, EcoClosure LLC, Ecospray Technologies, Ekona Power, Electrochaea GmbH, Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT), Empower Materials Inc., Enerkem Inc., enaDyne GmbH, Entropy Inc., E-Quester, Equatic, Equinor ASA, ESTECH, Evonik Industries AG, Exomad Green, ExxonMobil, 44.01, Fairbrics, Fervo Energy, Fluor Corporation, Fortera Corporation, Fortum, Framergy Inc., Freres Biochar, FuelCell Energy Inc., Funga, GE Gas Power (General Electric), Giammarco Vetrocoke, GigaBlue, GIG Karasek, Giner Inc., Global Algae Innovations, Global Thermostat LLC, Graphyte, Grassroots Biochar AB, Graviky Labs, GreenCap Solutions AS, Greenlyte Carbon Technologies, Greeniron H2 AB, Green Sequest, Gulf Coast Sequestration, greenSand, Hago Energetics, Haldor Topsoe, Hazer Group, Heimdal CCU, Heirloom Carbon Technologies, HIF Global, High Hopes Labs, Holcim Group, Holocene, Holy Grail Inc., Honeywell, Oy Hydrocell Ltd., HYCO1, Hyvegeo, 1point8, IHI Corporation, Immaterial Ltd, Ineratec GmbH, Infinitree LLC, Infinium, Innovator Energy, InnoSepra LLC, Inplanet GmbH, InterEarth, ION Clean Energy Inc., Japan CCS Co. Ltd., Jupiter Oxygen Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., KC8 Capture Technologies (KC8), Krajete GmbH, LanzaJet Inc., Lanzatech, Lectrolyst LLC, Levidian Nanosystems, Limenet, The Linde Group, Liquid Wind AB, Lithos Carbon, Living Carbon, Loam Bio, Low Carbon Korea, Low Carbon Materials, Made of Air GmbH, Mango Materials Inc., Mantel Capture, Mars Materials, Mattershift, Mati Carbon, MCI Carbon, Membrane Technology and Research (MTR), Mercurius Biorefining, Minera Systems, Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon and more......
 


ページTOPに戻る


Table of Contents

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   36
 
1.1      Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions   36
1.2      CO2 as a commodity   37
1.3      Meeting climate targets   40
1.4      Market drivers and trends   40
1.5      The current market and future outlook   41
1.6      CCUS investments   41
1.6.1      Venture Capital Funding   41
1.6.1.1      2010-2026   42
1.6.1.2      CCUS VC deals 2022-2026   42
1.7      Government CCUS initiatives and policy environment   45
1.8      Market map   48
1.9      Commercial CCUS facilities and projects   51
1.9.1      Facilities   51
1.9.1.1      Operational   51
1.9.1.2      Under development/construction   52
1.10      Economics of CCUS projects   54
1.10.1      CAPEX Reduction Strategies   54
1.10.2      OPEX Reduction Approaches   54
1.10.3      Emerging Technology Solutions   55
1.11      CCUS Value Chain   55
1.12      Key market barriers for CCUS   57
1.13      CCUS and the energy trilemma   57
1.14      Growth markets for CUS   58
1.15      Carbon pricing   59
1.15.1      Compliance Carbon Pricing Mechanisms   60
1.15.2      Alternative to Carbon Pricing: 45Q Tax Credits   61
1.15.3      Business models   63
1.15.3.1      Full chain   64
1.15.3.2      Networks and hub model   64
1.15.3.3      Partial-chain   65
1.15.3.4      Carbon dioxide utilization business model   65
1.15.4      The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)   66
1.15.5      Carbon Pricing in the US   67
1.15.6      Carbon Pricing in China   67
1.15.7      Voluntary Carbon Markets   68
1.15.8      Challenges with Carbon Pricing   69
1.16      Global market forecasts   70
1.16.1      CCUS capture capacity forecast by end point   70
1.16.2      Capture capacity by region to 2047, Mtpa   71
1.16.3      Revenues   71
1.16.4      CCUS capacity forecast by capture type   71
1.16.5      Cost projections 2025-2047   72
 
2             INTRODUCTION   74
 
2.1      What is CCUS?   74
2.1.1      Carbon Capture   79
2.1.1.1      Source Characterization   79
2.1.1.2      Purification   79
2.1.1.3      CO2 capture technologies   80
2.1.2      Carbon Utilization   83
2.1.2.1      CO2 utilization pathways   84
2.1.3      Carbon storage   84
2.1.3.1      Passive storage   84
2.1.3.2      Enhanced oil recovery   85
2.2      Transporting CO2   85
2.2.1      Methods of CO2 transport   85
2.2.1.1      Pipeline   87
2.2.1.2      Ship   87
2.2.1.3      Road   87
2.2.1.4      Rail   87
2.2.2      Safety   88
2.3      Costs   89
2.3.1      Cost of CO2 transport   90
2.4      Carbon credits   91
2.5      Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of CCUS Technologies   93
2.6      Environmental Impact Assessment   94
2.7      Social acceptance and public perception   95
2.8      Fate of CO2   95
 
3             CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE   97
 
3.1      Historical CO2 capture   97
3.2      CO₂ capture technologies   97
3.3      Maturity of technologies   100
3.4      Technology selection   101
3.5      Capture Percentages   105
3.5.1      >90% capture rate   105
3.5.2      99% capture rate   106
3.6      CO2 capture agent performance   108
3.7      Energy Consumption   109
3.8      TRL   111
3.9      Global Pipeline of Carbon Capture Facilities-Current and PLanned   112
3.10      CO2 capture from point sources   113
3.10.1      Energy Availability and Costs   116
3.10.2      Power plants with CCUS   116
3.10.3      Transportation   117
3.10.4      Global point source CO2 capture capacities   117
3.10.5      Blue hydrogen   118
3.10.5.1      Steam-methane reforming (SMR)   118
3.10.5.2      Autothermal reforming (ATR)   119
3.10.5.3      Partial oxidation (POX)   120
3.10.5.4      Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR)   121
3.10.5.5      Pre-Combustion vs. Post-Combustion carbon capture   122
3.10.5.6      Blue hydrogen projects   123
3.10.5.7      Costs   123
3.10.5.8      Market players   124
3.10.6      Carbon capture in cement   125
3.10.6.1      CCUS Projects   126
3.10.6.2      Carbon capture technologies   127
3.10.6.3      Costs   128
3.10.6.4      Challenges   128
3.10.7      Maritime carbon capture   129
3.11      Main carbon capture processes   129
3.11.1      Materials   129
3.11.2      Natural Gas Sweetening   131
3.11.3      Post-combustion   131
3.11.3.1      Chemicals/Solvents   133
3.11.3.2      Amine-based post-combustion CO₂ absorption   135
3.11.3.3      Physical absorption solvents   137
3.11.3.4      Emerging Solvents for Carbon Capture   139
3.11.3.5      Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP)   140
3.11.3.6      Molten Borates   141
3.11.3.7      Costs   141
3.11.3.8      Alternatives to Solvent-Based Carbon Capture   142
3.11.4      Oxy-fuel combustion   143
3.11.4.1      Oxyfuel CCUS cement projects   144
3.11.4.2      Chemical Looping-Based Capture   145
3.11.5      Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle   146
3.11.6      Pre-combustion   147
3.12      Carbon separation technologies   148
3.12.1      Absorption capture   149
3.12.2      Adsorption capture   153
3.12.2.1      Solid sorbent-based CO₂ separation   154
3.12.2.2      Metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents   156
3.12.2.3      Zeolite-based adsorbents   156
3.12.2.4      Solid amine-based adsorbents   156
3.12.2.5      Carbon-based adsorbents   157
3.12.2.6      Polymer-based adsorbents   158
3.12.2.7      Solid sorbents in pre-combustion   158
3.12.2.8      Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift (SEWGS)   159
3.12.2.9      Solid sorbents in post-combustion   160
3.12.3      Membranes   162
3.12.3.1      Membrane-based CO₂ separation   163
3.12.3.2      Gas Separation Membranes   166
3.12.3.3      Post-combustion CO₂ capture   167
3.12.3.4      Facilitated transport membranes   167
3.12.3.5      Pre-combustion capture   168
3.12.3.6      Advanced membrane materials   169
3.12.3.6.1      Graphene-based membranes   170
3.12.3.6.2      Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes   170
3.12.3.7      Membranes for Direct Air Capture   171
3.12.4      Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture   172
3.12.5      Calcium Looping   175
3.12.5.1      Calix Advanced Calciner   175
3.12.6      Other technologies   176
3.12.6.1      LEILAC process   176
3.12.6.2      CO₂ capture with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)   177
3.12.6.3      CO₂ capture with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs)   178
3.12.6.4      Microalgae Carbon Capture   178
3.12.7      Comparison of key separation technologies   180
3.12.8      Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies   181
3.13      Opportunities and barriers   181
3.14      Costs of CO2 capture   182
3.15      CO2 capture capacity   184
3.16      Direct air capture (DAC)   186
3.16.1      Technology description   186
3.16.1.1      Sorbent-based CO2 Capture   186
3.16.1.2      Solvent-based CO2 Capture   186
3.16.1.3      DAC Solid Sorbent Swing Adsorption Processes   187
3.16.1.4      Electro-Swing Adsorption (ESA) of CO2 for DAC   187
3.16.1.5      Solid and liquid DAC   188
3.16.2      Advantages of DAC   189
3.16.3      Deployment   189
3.16.4      Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture   190
3.16.5      Technologies   191
3.16.5.1      Solid sorbents   193
3.16.5.2      Liquid sorbents   195
3.16.5.3      Liquid solvents   196
3.16.5.4      Airflow equipment integration   196
3.16.5.5      Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)   196
3.16.5.6      Direct conversion   197
3.16.5.7      Co-product generation   197
3.16.5.8      Low Temperature DAC   197
3.16.5.9      Regeneration methods   197
3.16.6      Electricity and Heat Sources   198
3.16.7      Commercialization and plants   198
3.16.8      Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC   199
3.16.9      DAC plants and projects-current and planned   200
3.16.10      Capacity forecasts   202
3.16.11      Costs   203
3.16.12      Market challenges for DAC   209
3.16.13      Market prospects for direct air capture   210
3.16.14      Players and production   212
3.16.15      Co2 utilization pathways   213
3.16.16      Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS)   215
3.17      Hybrid Capture Systems   217
3.18      Artificial Intelligence in Carbon Capture   217
3.19      Integration with Renewable Energy Systems   218
3.20      Mobile Carbon Capture Solutions   219
3.21      Carbon Capture Retrofitting   220
 
4             CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL   221
 
4.1      Conventional CDR on land   222
4.1.1      Wetland and peatland restoration   222
4.1.2      Cropland, grassland, and agroforestry   223
4.2      Technological CDR Solutions   223
4.3      Main CDR methods   224
4.4      Novel CDR methods   225
4.5      Value chain   227
4.6      Deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies   229
4.7      Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Carbon Dioxide Removal Methods   230
4.8      Carbon Credits   231
4.8.1      Description   231
4.8.2      Carbon pricing   231
4.8.3      Carbon Removal vs Carbon Avoidance Offsetting   233
4.8.4      Carbon credit certification   233
4.8.5      Carbon registries   234
4.8.6      Carbon credit quality   235
4.8.7      Voluntary Carbon Credits   235
4.8.7.1      Definition   235
4.8.7.2      Purchasing   237
4.8.7.3      Key Market Players and Projects   239
4.8.7.4      Pricing   240
4.8.8      Compliance Carbon Credits   242
4.8.8.1      Definition   242
4.8.8.2      Market players   243
4.8.8.3      Pricing   243
4.8.9      Durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) credits   244
4.8.10      Corporate commitments   245
4.8.11      Increasing government support and regulations   246
4.8.12      Advancements in carbon offset project verification and monitoring   247
4.8.13      Potential for blockchain technology in carbon credit trading   247
4.8.14      Buying and Selling Carbon Credits   247
4.8.14.1      Carbon credit exchanges and trading platforms   248
4.8.14.2      Over-the-counter (OTC) transactions   249
4.8.14.3      Pricing mechanisms and factors affecting carbon credit prices   249
4.8.15      Certification   250
4.8.16      Challenges and risks   250
4.9      Monitoring, reporting, and verification   251
4.10      Government policies   252
4.11      Bioenergy with Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS)   253
4.11.1      Feedstocks   254
4.11.2      BiCRS Conversion Pathways   255
4.12      BECCS   257
4.12.1      Technology overview   257
4.12.1.1      Point Source Capture Technologies for BECCS   259
4.12.1.2      Energy efficiency   259
4.12.1.3      Heat generation   259
4.12.1.4      Waste-to-Energy   260
4.12.1.5      Blue Hydrogen Production   260
4.12.2      Biomass conversion   261
4.12.3      CO₂ capture technologies   261
4.12.4      BECCS facilities   263
4.12.5      Cost analysis   264
4.12.6      BECCS carbon credits   265
4.12.7      Sustainability   265
4.12.8      Challenges   265
4.13      Mineralization-based CDR   267
4.13.1      Overview   267
4.13.2      Storage in CO₂-Derived Concrete   268
4.13.3      Oxide Looping   270
4.13.4      Enhanced Weathering   271
4.13.4.1      Overview   271
4.13.4.2      Benefits   271
4.13.4.3      Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)   271
4.13.4.4      Applications   272
4.13.4.5      Commercial activity and companies   273
4.13.4.6      Challenges and Risks   274
4.13.5      Cost analysis   275
4.13.6      SWOT analysis   275
4.14      Afforestation/Reforestation   276
4.14.1      Overview   276
4.14.2      Carbon dioxide removal methods   277
4.14.2.1      Nature-based CDR   277
4.14.2.2      Land-based CDR   278
4.14.3      Technologies   279
4.14.3.1      Remote Sensing   279
4.14.3.2      Drone technology and robotics   279
4.14.3.3      Automated forest fire detection systems   280
4.14.3.4      AI/ML   280
4.14.3.5      Genetics   281
4.14.4      Trends and Opportunities   281
4.14.5      Challenges and Risks   282
4.14.5.1      SWOT analysis   282
4.14.5.2      Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)   283
4.14.5.2.1      Overview   283
4.14.5.2.2      Practices   284
4.14.5.2.3      Measuring and Verifying   285
4.14.5.2.4      Trends and Opportunities   286
4.14.5.2.5      Carbon credits   287
4.14.5.2.6      Challenges and Risks   288
4.14.5.2.7      SWOT analysis   288
4.14.5.3      Biochar   290
4.14.5.3.1      What is biochar?   290
4.14.5.3.2      Carbon sequestration   292
4.14.5.3.3      Properties of biochar   292
4.14.5.3.4      Feedstocks   295
4.14.5.3.5      Production processes   295
4.14.5.3.5.1      Sustainable production   296
4.14.5.3.5.2      Pyrolysis   297
4.14.5.3.5.2.1      Slow pyrolysis   297
4.14.5.3.5.2.2      Fast pyrolysis   298
4.14.5.3.5.3      Gasification   299
4.14.5.3.5.4      Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)   299
4.14.5.3.5.5      Torrefaction   299
4.14.5.3.5.6      Equipment manufacturers   300
4.14.5.3.6      Biochar pricing   301
4.14.5.3.7      Biochar carbon credits   301
4.14.5.3.7.1      Overview   301
4.14.5.3.7.2      Removal and reduction credits   302
4.14.5.3.7.3      The advantage of biochar   302
4.14.5.3.7.4      Prices   302
4.14.5.3.7.5      Buyers of biochar credits   303
4.14.5.3.7.6      Competitive materials and technologies   303
4.14.5.3.8      Bio-oil based CDR   304
4.14.5.3.9      Biomass burial for CO₂ removal   305
4.14.5.3.10      Bio-based construction materials for CDR   306
4.14.5.3.11      SWOT analysis   307
4.15      Ocean-based CDR   308
4.15.1      Overview   308
4.15.2      CO₂ capture from seawater   309
4.15.3      Ocean fertilisation   309
4.15.3.1      Biotic Methods   310
4.15.3.2      Coastal blue carbon ecosystems   310
4.15.3.3      Algal Cultivation   311
4.15.3.4      Artificial Upwelling   311
4.15.4      Ocean alkalinisation   311
4.15.4.1      Electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement   312
4.15.4.2      Direct Ocean Capture   312
4.15.4.3      Artificial Downwelling   313
4.15.5      Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV)   313
4.15.6      Ocean-based CDR Carbon Credits   313
4.15.7      Trends and Opportunities   314
4.15.8      Ocean-based carbon credits   314
4.15.9      Cost analysis   314
4.15.10      Challenges and Risks   314
4.15.11      SWOT analysis   315
4.15.12      Companies   316
 
5             CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION   317
 
5.1      Overview   317
5.1.1      Current market status   317
5.2      Competition with other low carbon technologies   322
5.3      Carbon utilization business models   324
5.3.1      Benefits of carbon utilization   325
5.3.2      Market challenges   327
5.4      Co2 utilization pathways   327
5.5      Conversion processes   330
5.5.1      Thermochemical   330
5.5.1.1      Process overview   330
5.5.1.2      Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion   332
5.5.2      Electrochemical conversion of CO2   333
5.5.2.1      Process overview   334
5.5.3      Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2   336
5.5.4      Catalytic conversion of CO2   336
5.5.5      Biological conversion of CO2   336
5.5.6      Copolymerization of CO2   339
5.5.7      Mineral carbonation   341
5.6      CO2-Utilization in Fuels   344
5.6.1      Overview   344
5.6.2      Production routes   348
5.6.3      CO₂ -fuels in road vehicles   351
5.6.4      CO₂ -fuels in shipping   351
5.6.5      CO₂ -fuels in aviation   352
5.6.6      Green hydrogen for e-fuels   352
5.6.7      Production routes   353
5.6.8      Costs of e-fuel   353
5.6.9      Power-to-methane   353
5.6.9.1      Thermocatalytic pathway to e-methane   354
5.6.9.2      Biological fermentation   354
5.6.9.3      Costs   355
5.6.10      Algae based biofuels   358
5.6.11      DAC for e-fuels   359
5.6.12      Syngas Production Options   360
5.6.13      CO₂-fuels from solar   360
5.6.14      Companies   362
5.6.15      Challenges   363
5.6.16      Global market forecasts   364
5.7      CO2-Utilization in Chemicals   364
5.7.1      Overview   364
5.7.2      Carbon nanostructures   365
5.7.3      Scalability   367
5.7.4      Pathways   368
5.7.4.1      Thermochemical   368
5.7.4.2      Electrochemical   370
5.7.4.2.1      Low-Temperature Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction   370
5.7.4.2.2      High-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyzers   371
5.7.4.2.3      Coupling H2 and Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction   372
5.7.4.3      Microbial conversion   372
5.7.4.4      Other   374
5.7.4.4.1      Photocatalytic   374
5.7.4.4.2      Plasma technology   374
5.7.5      Applications   375
5.7.5.1      Urea production   375
5.7.5.2      CO₂-derived polymers   375
5.7.5.2.1      Pathways   375
5.7.5.2.2      Polycarbonate from CO₂   376
5.7.5.2.3      Methanol to olefins (polypropylene production)   377
5.7.5.2.4      Ethanol to polymers   377
5.7.5.3      Inert gas in semiconductor manufacturing   377
5.7.6      Companies   378
5.7.7      Global market forecasts   380
5.8      CO₂-Utilization in Carbon Materials   381
5.8.1      Overview   381
5.8.2      The triple-revenue thesis   381
5.8.3      Production routes   381
5.8.4      Output materials   381
5.8.5      Net-negative carbon claim quantification   382
5.8.6      Pricing comparison   382
5.8.7      Market forecasts   382
5.9      CO2-Utilization in Construction and Building Materials   383
5.9.1      Overview   383
5.9.2      Market drivers   383
5.9.3      Key CO₂ utilization technologies in construction   386
5.9.4      Carbonated aggregates   389
5.9.5      Additives during mixing   390
5.9.6      Concrete curing   391
5.9.7      Costs   391
5.9.8      Market trends and business models   391
5.9.9      Carbon credits   395
5.9.10      Companies   395
5.9.11      Challenges   396
5.9.12      Global market forecasts   397
5.10      CO2-Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting   398
5.10.1      Overview   398
5.10.2      CO₂ utilization in biological processes   398
5.10.3      Applications   398
5.10.3.1      Greenhouses   399
5.10.3.1.1      CO₂ enrichment   399
5.10.3.2      Algae cultivation   399
5.10.3.2.1      CO₂-enhanced algae cultivation: open systems   400
5.10.3.2.2      CO₂-enhanced algae cultivation: closed systems   400
5.10.3.3      Microbial conversion   401
5.10.3.4      Food and feed production   403
5.10.4      Companies   403
5.10.5      Global market forecasts   404
5.11      CO₂ Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery   405
5.11.1      Overview   405
5.11.1.1      Process   405
5.11.1.2      CO₂ sources   406
5.11.2      CO₂-EOR facilities and projects   406
5.11.3      Challenges   407
5.11.4      Global market forecasts   407
5.12      Enhanced mineralization   407
5.12.1      Advantages   407
5.12.2      In situ and ex-situ mineralization   408
5.12.3      Enhanced mineralization pathways   409
5.12.4      Challenges   410
5.13      Digital Solutions and IoT in Carbon Utilization   410
5.14      Blockchain Applications in Carbon Trading   411
5.15      Carbon Utilization in Data Centers   412
5.16      Integration with Smart City Infrastructure   412
5.17      Novel Applications   413
5.17.1      3D Printing with CO2-derived Materials   413
5.17.2      CO2 in Energy Storage   414
5.17.3      CO2 in Electronics Manufacturing   415
 
6             CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE   415
 
6.1      Introduction   415
6.2      CO2 storage sites   418
6.2.1      Storage types for geologic CO2 storage   418
6.2.2      Oil and gas fields   420
6.2.3      Saline formations   421
6.2.4      Coal seams and shale   422
6.2.5      Basalts and ultra-mafic rocks   423
6.3      CO₂ leakage   423
6.4      Global CO2 storage capacity   425
6.5      CO₂ Storage Projects   428
6.6      CO₂ -EOR   431
6.6.1      Description   431
6.6.2      Injected CO₂   431
6.6.3      CO₂ capture with CO₂ -EOR facilities   432
6.6.4      Companies   433
6.6.5      Economics   433
6.7      Costs   434
6.8      Challenges   435
6.9      Storage Monitoring Technologies   435
6.10      Underground Hydrogen Storage Synergies   436
6.11      Advanced Modelling and Simulation   437
6.12      Storage Site Selection Criteria   437
6.13      Risk Assessment and Management   438
 
7             CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION   439
 
7.1      Introduction   440
7.2      CO₂ transportation methods and conditions   440
7.3      CO₂ transportation by pipeline   441
7.4      CO₂ transportation by ship   442
7.5      CO₂ transportation by rail and truck   443
7.6      Cost analysis of different methods   443
7.7      Smart Pipeline Networks   444
7.8      Transportation Hubs and Infrastructure   445
7.9      Safety Systems and Monitoring   445
7.10      Future Transportation Technologies   446
7.11      Companies   447
 
8             COMPANY PROFILES                449 (395 company profiles)
 
9             APPENDICES   702
 
9.1      Abbreviations   702
9.2      Research Methodology   703
9.3      Definition of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)   703
9.4      Technology Readiness Level (TRL)   704
 
10          REFERENCES   706

ページTOPに戻る



List of Tables/Graphs

List of Tables
Table 1. Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) market drivers and trends.   40
Table 2. Global Investment in Carbon Capture Technologies (2010-2024)   42
Table 3. CCUS VC deals 2022-2025.   43
Table 4. CCUS government funding and investment-10 year outlook.   46
Table 5. Global Commercial CCUS Facilities — In Operation (2026)   51
Table 6. Global Commercial CCUS Facilities — Under Development/Construction   52
Table 7. Cost Reduction Using Proven and Emerging Technologies.   55
Table 8. Key market barriers for CCUS.   57
Table 9. Key compliance carbon pricing initiatives around the world.   60
Table 10. CCUS business models: full chain, part chain, and hubs and clusters.   63
Table 11. CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO₂ endpoint, Mtpa of CO₂, to 2047.   71
Table 12. Capture capacity by region to 2047, Mtpa.   71
Table 13. CCUS revenue potential ($bn)   71
Table 14. Capacity by capture type (Mtpa)   72
Table 15. Point-source CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO₂ source sector, Mtpa of CO₂, to 2046.   72
Table 16. CCUS Cost Projections 2025-2047.   73
Table 17. CO2 utilization and removal pathways   75
Table 18. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources.   79
Table 19. CO2 capture technologies.   80
Table 20. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies.   81
Table 21. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture.   81
Table 22. Methods of CO2 transport.   86
Table 23. Comparison of CO2 Transportation Methods.   88
Table 24. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture.   89
Table 25. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector.   89
Table 26. Cost of CO2 transported at different flowrates   90
Table 27. Key Milestones in Carbon Market Development   91
Table 28.Carbon Credit Prices by Market.   91
Table 29. Carbon Credit Project Types.   92
Table 30. Life Cycle Assessment of CCUS Technologies   94
Table 31. Environmental Impact Assessment for CCUS Technologies.   94
Table 32. Comparison of CO₂ capture technologies.   97
Table 33. Typical conditions and performance for different capture technologies.   100
Table 34. Conditions and Performance for Capture Technologies   101
Table 35. Carbon Capture Technology Providers for Existing Large-Scale Projects.   103
Table 36. Capture Percentages by technology.   106
Table 37. Metrics for CO2 Capture Agents.   109
Table 38. Energy consumption by technology.   110
Table 39. Technology Readiness of Carbon capture Technologies.   111
Table 40. Global CCUS Facilities Pipeline   112
Table 41. PSCC technologies.   113
Table 42. Point source examples.   114
Table 43. Comparison of point-source CO₂ capture systems   114
Table 44. Global point source CO2 capture capacities   117
Table 45. Blue hydrogen projects.   123
Table 46. Commercial CO₂ capture systems for blue H2.   124
Table 47. Market players in blue hydrogen.   124
Table 48. CCUS Projects in the Cement Sector.   126
Table 49. Carbon capture technologies in the cement sector.   127
Table 50. Cost and technological status of carbon capture in the cement sector.   128
Table 51. Assessment of carbon capture materials   130
Table 52. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion.   133
Table 53. Comparison of key chemical solvent-based systems.   134
Table 54. Chemical absorption solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects.   135
Table 55.Amine Solvent Carbon Capture Technology Providers for Post-Combustion Capture   136
Table 56.Comparison of key physical absorption solvents.   137
Table 57.Physical solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects.   138
Table 58. Emerging solvents for carbon capture   139
Table 59. Emerging Solvents for Carbon Capture.   140
Table 60. Oxygen separation technologies for oxy-fuel combustion.   143
Table 61. Large-scale oxyfuel CCUS cement projects.   144
Table 62. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.   148
Table 63. Main capture processes and their separation technologies.   148
Table 64. Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview.   149
Table 65. Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption.   151
Table 66. Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview.   153
Table 67. Solid sorbents explored for carbon capture.   155
Table 68. Carbon-based adsorbents for CO₂ capture.   157
Table 69. Polymer-based adsorbents.   158
Table 70. Solid sorbents for post-combustion CO₂ capture.   160
Table 71. Emerging Solid Sorbent Systems.   160
Table 72. Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview.   162
Table 73. Comparison of membrane materials for CCUS   164
Table 74. Commercial status of membranes in carbon capture   165
Table 75. Membranes for pre-combustion capture.   168
Table 76. Status of cryogenic CO₂ capture technologies.   173
Table 77. Cryogenic Direct Air Capture Companies   174
Table 78. Benefits and drawbacks of microalgae carbon capture.   179
Table 79. Comparison of main separation technologies.   180
Table 80. Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies   181
Table 81. Opportunities and Barriers by sector.   181
Table 82. DAC technologies.   186
Table 83. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC.   189
Table 84. Advantages of DAC as a CO2 removal strategy.   189
Table 85. Potential for DAC removal versus other carbon removal methods.   190
Table 86. Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC.   196
Table 87. Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies.   196
Table 88. Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies.   197
Table 89. DAC companies and technologies.   199
Table 90. Global capacity of direct air capture facilities.   200
Table 91. DAC technology developers and production (2026)   200
Table 92. DAC projects in development.   202
Table 93. DACCS Carbon Removal Capacity Forecast — Base Case (Mtpa CO₂), 2024–2047   202
Table 94. DACCS Carbon Removal Capacity Forecast — Optimistic Case (Mtpa CO₂), 2030–2047   203
Table 95. Costs summary for DAC.   203
Table 96. Typical cost contributions of the main components of a DACCS system.   205
Table 97. Cost estimates of DAC.   208
Table 98. Challenges for DAC technology.   209
Table 99. DAC companies and technologies.   212
Table 100. Example CO2 utilization pathways.   213
Table 101. Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS).   215
Table 116. AI Applications in Carbon Capture.   218
Table 117. Renewable Energy Integration in Carbon Capture.   219
Table 118. Mobile Carbon Capture Applications.   219
Table 119. Carbon Capture Retrofitting.   220
Table 124.Market Drivers for Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR).   221
Table 125. CDR versus CCUS   222
Table 126. Status and Potential of CDR Technologies.   223
Table 127. Main CDR methods.   224
Table 128. Novel CDR Methods   225
Table 129.Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology Benchmarking   226
Table 130. CDR Value Chain.   227
Table 131. Engineered Carbon Dioxide Removal Value Chain   228
Table 132. Carbon pricing and carbon markets   232
Table 133. Carbon Removal vs Emission Reduction Offsets.   233
Table 134. Carbon Crediting Programs.   234
Table 135. Channels for Purchasing Voluntary Carbon Credits   237
Table 136. Voluntary Carbon Credits Trading Platforms and Exchanges.   238
Table 137. Voluntary Carbon Credits Key Market Players and Projects.   239
Table 138. Nature-Based Solutions Market Dynamics.   240
Table 139. Voluntary Carbon Credits Pricing by Category and Project Type.   241
Table 140. Price Range Analysis by Project Quality and Type:   242
Table 141. Compliance Carbon Credits Key Market Players and Projects.   243
Table 142. Comparison of Voluntary and Compliance Carbon Credits.   243
Table 143. Durable Carbon Removal Buyers.   244
Table 144. Prices of CDR Credits.   245
Table 145. Major Corporate Carbon Credit Commitments.   246
Table 146. Key Carbon Market Regulations and Support Mechanisms.   246
Table 147. Carbon credit prices by company and technology.   247
Table 148. Carbon Credit Exchanges and Trading Platforms.   248
Table 149. OTC Carbon Market Characteristics.   249
Table 150. Challenges and Risks.   251
Table 151. TRL of Biomass Conversion Processes and Products by Feedstock.   253
Table 152. BiCRS feedstocks.   254
Table 153. BiCRS conversion pathways.   255
Table 154. BiCRS Technological Challenges.   256
Table 155. CO₂ capture technologies for BECCS.   261
Table 156. Existing and planned capacity for sequestration of biogenic carbon.   263
Table 157. Existing facilities with capture and/or geologic sequestration of biogenic CO2.   263
Table 158. Challenges of BECCS   266
Table 159. Ex Situ Mineralization CDR Methods.   267
Table 160. Source Materials for Ex Situ Mineralization.   268
Table 161. Companies in CO₂-derived Concrete.   270
Table 162. Enhanced Weathering Applications.   272
Table 163. Enhanced Weathering Materials and Processes.   273
Table 164. Enhanced Weathering Companies   273
Table 165. Trends and Opportunities in Enhanced Weathering.   274
Table 166. Challenges and Risks in Enhanced Weathering.   274
Table 167. Cost analysis of enhanced weathering.   275
Table 168. Nature-based CDR approaches.   277
Table 169. Comparison of A/R and BECCS.   278
Table 170. Forest Carbon Removal Projects.   279
Table 171. Companies in Robotics in A/R.   280
Table 172. Trends and Opportunities in Afforestation/Reforestation.   281
Table 173.Challenges and Risks in Afforestation/Reforestation.   282
Table 174. Soil carbon sequestration practices.   284
Table 175. Soil sampling and analysis methods.   285
Table 176. Remote sensing and modeling techniques.   286
Table 177. Carbon credit protocols and standards.   286
Table 178. Trends and opportunities in soil carbon sequestration (SCS).   286
Table 179. Key aspects of soil carbon credits.   287
Table 180. Challenges and Risks in SCS.   288
Table 181. Summary of key properties of biochar.   293
Table 182. Biochar physicochemical and morphological properties   293
Table 183. Biochar feedstocks-source, carbon content, and characteristics.   295
Table 184. Biochar production technologies, description, advantages and disadvantages.   296
Table 185. Comparison of slow and fast pyrolysis for biomass.   298
Table 186. Comparison of thermochemical processes for biochar production.   300
Table 187. Biochar production equipment manufacturers.   300
Table 188. Competitive materials and technologies that can also earn carbon credits.   303
Table 189. Bio-oil-based CDR pros and cons.   304
Table 190. Ocean-based CDR methods.   308
Table 191. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Chart for Ocean-based CDR.   308
Table 192. Benchmarking of Ocean-based CDR Methods.   309
Table 193. Ocean-based CDR: Biotic Methods.   310
Table 194. Market Players in Ocean-based CDR.   316
Table 195. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).   320
Table 196. Comparison of Low Carbon CO2 vs Incumbent Low Carbon Technologies.   323
Table 197. Carbon utilization business models.   324
Table 198. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.   325
Table 199. Market challenges for CO2 utilization.   327
Table 200. Example CO2 utilization pathways.   328
Table 201. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.   330
Table 202. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.   334
Table 203. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.   338
Table 204. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers.   340
Table 205. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies.   342
Table 206. Comparison of emerging CO₂ utilization applications.   343
Table 207. Main routes to CO₂-fuels.   345
Table 208. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels.   346
Table 209. Main routes to CO₂ -fuels   348
Table 210.Comparison of e-fuels to fossil and biofuels.   349
Table 211. Existing and future CO₂-derived synfuels (kerosene, diesel, and gasoline) projects.. :   351
Table 212. CO2-Derived Methane Projects.   354
Table 213. Power-to-Methane projects worldwide.   354
Table 214. Power-to-Methane projects.   357
Table 215. Microalgae products and prices.   359
Table 216. Syngas Production Options for E-fuels.   360
Table 217. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches.   361
Table 218. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products.   362
Table 219. CO₂ utilization forecast for fuels by fuel type (million tonnes CO₂/year), 2027–2047   364
Table 220. Global revenue forecast for CO₂-derived fuels by fuel type (million US$), 2027–2047   364
Table 221. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2.   367
Table 222.CO₂-derived Chemicals: Thermochemical Pathways.   368
Table 223. Thermochemical Methods: CO₂-derived Methanol.   369
Table 224. CO₂-derived Methanol Projects.   369
Table 225. CO₂-Derived Methanol: Economic and Market Analysis (Next 5-10 Years).   370
Table 226. Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Technologies.   370
Table 227. Comparison of RWGS and SOEC Co-electrolysis Routes.   371
Table 228. Cost Comparison of CO₂ Electrochemical Technologies.   371
Table 229. Technology Readiness Level (TRL): CO₂U Chemicals.   377
Table 230. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products.   378
Table 231. CO₂ utilization forecast in chemicals by end-use (million tonnes CO₂/year), 2027–2047   380
Table 232. Global revenue forecast for CO₂-derived chemicals by end-use (million US$), 2027–2047   380
Table 233. Carbon sequestered per tonne of output, by route   382
Table 234. CCU-derived vs conventional pricing ($/kg unless noted)   382
Table 235. Total CCU-derived carbon materials market revenue   382
Table 236. Market revenue by output material, base case ($M)   383
Table 237. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector   386
Table 238. Prefabricated versus ready-mixed concrete markets .   390
Table 239. CO₂ utilization in concrete curing or mixing.   390
Table 240. CO₂ utilization business models in building materials.   392
Table 241. Companies in CO2 derived building materials.   395
Table 242. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials.   396
Table 243. CO₂ utilization forecast in building materials by end-use (million tonnes CO₂/year), 2027–2047   397
Table 244. Global revenue forecast for CO₂-derived building materials by product (million US$), 2027–2047   398
Table 245. Enrichment Technology.   399
Table 246. Food and Feed Production from CO₂.   403
Table 247. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting.   403
Table 248. CO₂ utilization forecast in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million tonnes CO₂/year), 2027–2047   404
Table 249. Global revenue forecast for CO₂ use in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million US$), 2027–2047   404
Table 250. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production.   405
Table 251. CO₂ utilization forecast in enhanced oil recovery (million tonnes CO₂/year), 2027–2047   407
Table 252. Global revenue forecast for CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (billion US$), 2025-2046.   407
Table 253. CO2 EOR/Storage Challenges.   410
Table 254. Digital and IoT Applications in Carbon Utilization.   411
Table 255. Blockchain Applications in Carbon Trading.   411
Table 256. Carbon Utilization Strategies in Data Centers.   412
Table 257. CCU Integration in Smart City Infrastructure.   413
Table 258. CO2-derived Materials in 3D Printing.   414
Table 259. CO2 Applications in Energy Storage.   414
Table 260. CO2 Applications in Electronics Manufacturing.   415
Table 261. Storage and utilization of CO2.   416
Table 262. Mechanisms of subsurface CO₂ trapping.   418
Table 263. Global depleted reservoir storage projects.   419
Table 264. Global CO₂ ECBM (Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane) Storage Projects (2026)   419
Table 265. CO2 EOR/storage projects.   420
Table 266. Global storage sites-saline aquifer projects.   421
Table 267. Global storage capacity estimates, by region.   425
Table 268. MRV Technologies and Costs in CO₂ Storage.   427
Table 269.  Carbon storage challenges.   427
Table 270. Status of CO₂ Storage Projects.   428
Table 271. Types of CO₂ -EOR designs.   431
Table 272. CO₂ capture with CO₂ -EOR facilities.   432
Table 273. CO₂ -EOR companies.   433
Table 274. Carbon Capture Storage Monitoring Technologies.   436
Table 275. Storage Site Selection Criteria.   438
Table 276. Phases of CO₂ for transportation.   440
Table 277. CO₂ transportation methods and conditions.   440
Table 278. Status of CO₂ transportation methods in CCS projects.   441
Table 279. CO₂ pipelines Technical challenges.   441
Table 280. Cost comparison of CO₂ transportation methods   443
Table 281. Components of Smart Pipeline Networks.   444
Table 282. Components of CO2 Transportation Hubs.   445
Table 283. CO2 Pipeline Safety Systems and Monitoring.   446
Table 284. Emerging CO2 Transportation Technologies.   447
Table 285. CO₂ transport operators.   447
Table 286. List of abbreviations.   702
Table 287. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.   704
 
List of Figures
Figure 1. Carbon emissions by sector.   36
Figure 2. Overview of CCUS market   37
Figure 3. CCUS business model.   39
Figure 4. Pathways for CO2 use.   39
Figure 7. Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS) Market Map.   50
Figure 10. CCUS Value Chain.   56
Figure 11. Schematic of CCUS process.   74
Figure 12. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal.   75
Figure 13. A pre-combustion capture system.   80
Figure 14. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle.   83
Figure 15. Various pathways for CO2 utilization.   84
Figure 16. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage.   85
Figure 17. Transport of CCS technologies.   86
Figure 18. Railroad car for liquid CO₂ transport   88
Figure 21. Cost estimates for long-distance CO2 transport.   91
Figure 22. CO2 capture and separation technology.   98
Figure 26. SMR process flow diagram of steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (SMR-CCS).   119
Figure 27. Process flow diagram of autothermal reforming with a carbon capture and storage (ATR-CCS) plant.   120
Figure 28. POX process flow diagram.   121
Figure 29. Process flow diagram for a typical SE-SMR.   122
Figure 30. Post-combustion carbon capture process.   132
Figure 31. Post-combustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant.   132
Figure 32. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process.   144
Figure 33. Process schematic of chemical looping.   146
Figure 34. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process.   147
Figure 35. Pre-combustion carbon capture process.   147
Figure 36. Amine-based absorption technology.   151
Figure 37. Pressure swing absorption technology.   155
Figure 38. Membrane separation technology.   163
Figure 39. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (cryogenic) distillation.   172
Figure 40. Cryocap™ process.   174
Figure 41. Calix advanced calcination reactor.   176
Figure 42. LEILAC process.   177
Figure 43. Fuel Cell CO2 Capture diagram.   178
Figure 44. Microalgal carbon capture.   179
Figure 45. Cost of carbon capture.   183
Figure 46. CO2 capture capacity to 2030, MtCO2.   184
Figure 47. Capacity of large-scale CO2 capture projects, current and planned vs. the Net Zero Scenario, 2020-2030.   185
Figure 48. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse.   188
Figure 50.  DAC technologies.   192
Figure 51. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system.   193
Figure 52. Climeworks’ first commercial direct air capture (DAC) plant, based in Hinwil, Switzerland.   194
Figure 53.  Flow diagram for solid sorbent DAC.   194
Figure 54. Direct air capture based on high temperature liquid sorbent by Carbon Engineering.   195
Figure 55. Schematic of costs of DAC technologies.   206
Figure 56. DAC cost breakdown and comparison.   207
Figure 57. Operating costs of generic liquid and solid-based DAC systems.   209
Figure 58. Co2 utilization pathways and products.   215
Figure 74. Process Flow of Carbon Trading: Total Carbon Credits (CCs), amounting to CCB (MtCO2e) = (c) – EB, are issued to firm with CHG emissions below the allowance. These credits can be subsequently sold to firm with emissions exceeding the allowance. In the representation, the latter firm must purchase total credits equivalent to CCA (MtCO2e) = EA – (c).   236
Figure 75. BiCRS Value Chain.   254
Figure 76. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) process.   258
Figure 77. Capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using bricks of calcium hydroxide.   269
Figure 78. Carbon capture using mineral carbonation.   270
Figure 79. SWOT analysis: enhanced weathering.   276
Figure 80. SWOT analysis: afforestation/reforestation.   283
Figure 81. SWOT analysis: SCS.   289
Figure 82. Schematic of biochar production.   290
Figure 83. Biochars from different sources, and by pyrolyzation at different temperatures.   291
Figure 84. Compressed biochar.   294
Figure 85. Biochar production diagram.   296
Figure 86. Pyrolysis process and by-products in agriculture.   298
Figure 87. SWOT analysis: Biochar for CDR.   307
Figure 88. SWOT analysis: Ocean-based CDR.   315
Figure 89. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages.   317
Figure 90. Applications for CO2.   319
Figure 91. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector.   320
Figure 92. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.   326
Figure 93. Co2 utilization pathways and products.   329
Figure 94. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion.   333
Figure 95. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction products.   334
Figure 96. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.   337
Figure 97. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.   338
Figure 98. Econic catalyst systems.   340
Figure 99. Mineral carbonation processes.   342
Figure 100. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates.   347
Figure 101.  Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel.   347
Figure 102. SWOT analysis: e-fuels.   353
Figure 103. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol.   358
Figure 104. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches for CO2 c   361
Figure 106.  Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways.   367
Figure 107.  Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials   376
Figure 108. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials.   384
Figure 109. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector.   385
Figure 110. Carbon8 Systems’ ACT process.   389
Figure 111. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process.   389
Figure 112. Algal cultivation in the desert.   400
Figure 113. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria.   402
Figure 114. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR.   406
Figure 116. Carbon mineralization pathways.   409
Figure 117. CO2 Storage Overview - Site Options   418
Figure 118.  CO2 injection into a saline formation while producing brine for beneficial use.   421
Figure 119. Subsurface storage cost estimation.   435
Figure 120. Air Products production process.   456
Figure 121. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.   461
Figure 122. Schematic of carbon capture solar project.   468
Figure 123. Aspiring Materials method.   469
Figure 124. Aymium’s Biocarbon production.   472
Figure 125. Capchar prototype pyrolysis kiln.   492
Figure 126. Carbonminer technology.   499
Figure 127. Carbon Blade system.   504
Figure 128. CarbonCure Technology.   512
Figure 129. Direct Air Capture Process.   514
Figure 130. CRI process.   518
Figure 131. PCCSD Project in China.   532
Figure 132. Orca facility.   533
Figure 133. Process flow scheme of Compact Carbon Capture Plant.   538
Figure 134. Colyser process.   540
Figure 135. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic.   548
Figure 136. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer.   549
Figure 137. Fuel Cell Carbon Capture.   571
Figure 138. Topsoe's SynCORTM autothermal reforming technology.   581
Figure 139. Heirloom DAC facilities.   584
Figure 140. Carbon Capture balloon.   586
Figure 141. Holy Grail DAC system.   588
Figure 142. INERATEC unit.   594
Figure 143. Infinitree swing method.   595
Figure 144. Audi/Krajete unit.   601
Figure 145. Made of Air's HexChar panels.   611
Figure 146. Mosaic Materials MOFs.   621
Figure 147. Neustark modular plant.   626
Figure 148. OCOchem’s Carbon Flux Electrolyzer.   634
Figure 149. ZerCaL™ process.   636
Figure 150. CCS project at Arthit offshore gas field.   647
Figure 151. RepAir technology.   654
Figure 152. Aker (SLB Capturi) carbon capture system.   669
Figure 153. Soletair Power unit.   671
Figure 154. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production.   678
Figure 155. CALF-20 has been integrated into a rotating CO2 capture machine (left), which operates inside a CO2 plant module (right).   680
Figure 156. Takavator.   683
Figure 157. O12 Reactor.   688
Figure 158. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials.   688
Figure 159. CO2 made car part.   689
Figure 160. Molecular sieving membrane.   691

　

ページTOPに戻る

ご注文は、お電話またはWEBから承ります。お見積もりの作成もお気軽にご相談ください。

webからのご注文・お問合せはこちらのフォームから承ります

本レポートと同分野（エネルギー貯蔵）の最新刊レポート

Future Markets, inc.社の バッテリー＆エネルギー貯蔵分野 での最新刊レポート

本レポートと同じKEY WORD（）の最新刊レポート

  • 本レポートと同じKEY WORDの最新刊レポートはありません。

よくあるご質問


Future Markets, inc.社はどのような調査会社ですか?


Future Markets, inc.は先端技術に焦点をあてたスウェーデンの調査会社です。 2009年設立のFMi社は先端素材、バイオ由来の素材、ナノマテリアルの市場をトラッキングし、企業や学... もっと見る


調査レポートの納品までの日数はどの程度ですか?


在庫のあるものは速納となりますが、平均的には 3-４日と見て下さい。
但し、一部の調査レポートでは、発注を受けた段階で内容更新をして納品をする場合もあります。
発注をする前のお問合せをお願いします。


注文の手続きはどのようになっていますか?


1)お客様からの御問い合わせをいただきます。
2)見積書やサンプルの提示をいたします。
3)お客様指定、もしくは弊社の発注書をメール添付にて発送してください。
4)データリソース社からレポート発行元の調査会社へ納品手配します。
5) 調査会社からお客様へ納品されます。最近は、pdfにてのメール納品が大半です。


お支払方法の方法はどのようになっていますか?


納品と同時にデータリソース社よりお客様へ請求書（必要に応じて納品書も）を発送いたします。
お客様よりデータリソース社へ（通常は円払い）の御振り込みをお願いします。
請求書は、納品日の日付で発行しますので、翌月最終営業日までの当社指定口座への振込みをお願いします。振込み手数料は御社負担にてお願いします。
お客様の御支払い条件が60日以上の場合は御相談ください。
尚、初めてのお取引先や個人の場合、前払いをお願いすることもあります。ご了承のほど、お願いします。


データリソース社はどのような会社ですか?


当社は、世界各国の主要調査会社・レポート出版社と提携し、世界各国の市場調査レポートや技術動向レポートなどを日本国内の企業・公官庁及び教育研究機関に提供しております。
世界各国の「市場・技術・法規制などの」実情を調査・収集される時には、データリソース社にご相談ください。
お客様の御要望にあったデータや情報を抽出する為のレポート紹介や調査のアドバイスも致します。


詳細検索

このレポートへのお問合せ

お問合せはこちらから

03-3582-2531

電話お問合せもお気軽に

 

当社ご利用のメリット
  1. ① お探しの情報に合わせてレポートをご紹介
  2. ② レポートで不足している情報はカスタマイズで対応可能
  3. ③ 特許情報、海外の法規制の取り組みなどディープな調査も対応可能
  4. ④ 円貨で請求書払い＆万全のアフターフォロー

 

2026/07/15　10:26

163.17 円

186.89 円

221.36 円

ページTOPに戻る

株式会社 データリソース　Data Resource, Inc.
東京都千代田区丸の内3-3-1 新東京ビル4F 430


A member of CORSS Business Producers Inc.
データリソースは2025年5月より
CROSS Business Producers株式会社 の100%子会社になりました。

電話：03-3582-2531
FAX：03-6551-2556
Eメール：office@dri.co.jp

会社概要 FAQ サイトマップ プライバシーポリシー お問合せ

関連会社:
株式会社ユーディーアール

COPYRIGHT(C) 2011-2025　DATA RESOURCE, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.