Summary

The global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System market is projected to grow from US$ 3502 million in 2025 to US$ 6949 million by 2031, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.1% during the forecast period.

The evolving U.S. tariff policy posed substantial volatility risks to global markets. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of trade barrier escalations and cross-border counterstrategies, analyzing their multidimensional impacts on industrial competition patterns, geo-economic integration, and transnational value chain realignments.
The One-Box hydraulic brake-by-wire system is an electronically controlled hydraulic braking solution that integrates the master cylinder, electronic booster and electronic stability control (ESC/ABS) functions in the same lightweight module. It can replace the vacuum booster with an electric motor and achieve efficient energy recovery and sensitive braking response.

The US & Canada market for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2025 to reach $ million by 2031, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.
The China market for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2025 to reach $ million by 2031, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.
The Europe market for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2025 to reach $ million by 2031, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.

The global key manufacturers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System include Bosch, Continental, ZF, Bethel, Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic, FinDreams Powertrain, LEEKR TECHNOLOGY, NASN Automotive Electronics, Beijing Trinova Auto Tech, Trugo Tech, etc. In 2024, the global top five players had a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
In terms of production side, this report researches the One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2020 to 2025, and forecast to 2031.
In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System by region (region level and country level), by company, by Type and by Application. from 2020 to 2025 and forecast to 2031.

This report presents an overview of global market for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue/sales data for 2020 - 2025, estimates for 2025, and projections of CAGR through 2031.
This report researches the key producers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Highlights of the upcoming market potential for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, and key regions/countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.

This report focuses on the One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2020 to 2025. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2020 to 2031. Evaluation and forecast the market size for One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Descriptive company profiles of the major global players, including Bosch, Continental, ZF, Bethel, Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic, FinDreams Powertrain, LEEKR TECHNOLOGY, NASN Automotive Electronics, Beijing Trinova Auto Tech, Trugo Tech, etc.

Market Segmentation
By Company
Bosch
Continental
ZF
Bethel
Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic
FinDreams Powertrain
LEEKR TECHNOLOGY
NASN Automotive Electronics
Beijing Trinova Auto Tech
Trugo Tech
Segment by Type
Front-Wheel Backup
Four-Wheel Backup
Segment by Application
Passenger Cars
Commercial Vehicles
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Sales by Region
US & Canada
U.S.
Canada
China
Asia (excluding China)
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Middle East, Africa, Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Turkey
Israel

Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by Type and by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 3: Sales (consumption), revenue of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 4: Detailed analysis of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: North America (US & Canada) by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 8: Europe by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 9: China by Type, and by Application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Asia (excluding China) by Type, by Application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: Middle East, Africa, Latin America by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 13: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 14: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 15: The main points and conclusions of the report.

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Table of Contents

1 Study Coverage
1.1 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Size by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
1.2.2 Front-Wheel Backup
1.2.3 Four-Wheel Backup
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Size by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
1.3.2 Passenger Cars
1.3.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production
2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production Capacity (2020-2031)
2.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, Based on Production Site
2.3 Global Production by Region
2.3.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production by Region (2020-2031)
2.3.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
2.4 North America
2.5 Europe
2.6 China
2.7 Japan
3 Executive Summary
3.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
3.2 Global Revenue by Region
3.2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
3.2.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Region (2020-2031)
3.2.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
3.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
3.4 Global Sales by Region
3.4.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
3.4.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Region (2020-2031)
3.4.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
3.5 US & Canada
3.6 Europe
3.7 China
3.8 Asia (excluding China)
3.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
4 Competition by Manufacturers
4.1 Global Sales by Manufacturers
4.1.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4.1.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System in 2024
4.2 Global Revenue by Manufacturers
4.2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4.2.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue in 2024
4.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
4.4 Global Key Players of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
4.5.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.6 Global Key Manufacturers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
4.7 Global Key Manufacturers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, Product Offered and Application
4.8 Global Key Manufacturers of One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System, Date of Enter into This Industry
4.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Market Size by Type
5.1 Global Sales by Type
5.1.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Historical Sales by Type (2020-2025)
5.1.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Forecasted Sales by Type (2026-2031)
5.1.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
5.2 Global Revenue by Type
5.2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Historical Revenue by Type (2020-2025)
5.2.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Forecasted Revenue by Type (2026-2031)
5.2.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
5.3 Global Price by Type
5.3.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Price by Type (2020-2025)
5.3.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Price Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global Sales by Application
6.1.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Historical Sales by Application (2020-2025)
6.1.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Forecasted Sales by Application (2026-2031)
6.1.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
6.2 Global Revenue by Application
6.2.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Historical Revenue by Application (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Forecasted Revenue by Application (2026-2031)
6.2.3 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
6.3 Global Price by Application
6.3.1 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Price by Application (2020-2025)
6.3.2 Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Price Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
7 US & Canada
7.1 US & Canada Market Size by Type
7.1.1 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Type (2020-2031)
7.1.2 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
7.2 US & Canada Market Size by Application
7.2.1 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Application (2020-2031)
7.2.2 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
7.3 US & Canada Market Size by Country
7.3.1 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
7.3.2 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
7.3.3 US & Canada One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Country (2020-2031)
7.3.4 US
7.3.5 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Type (2020-2031)
8.1.2 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
8.2 Europe Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Application (2020-2031)
8.2.2 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
8.3 Europe Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
8.3.2 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Country (2020-2031)
8.3.3 Europe One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
8.3.4 Germany
8.3.5 France
8.3.6 U.K.
8.3.7 Italy
8.3.8 Russia
9 China
9.1 China Market Size by Type
9.1.1 China One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Type (2020-2031)
9.1.2 China One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
9.2 China Market Size by Application
9.2.1 China One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Application (2020-2031)
9.2.2 China One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
10 Asia (excluding China)
10.1 Asia Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Type (2020-2031)
10.1.2 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
10.2 Asia Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Application (2020-2031)
10.2.2 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
10.3 Asia Market Size by Region
10.3.1 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
10.3.2 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Region (2020-2031)
10.3.3 Asia One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Region (2020-2031)
10.3.4 Japan
10.3.5 South Korea
10.3.6 China Taiwan
10.3.7 Southeast Asia
10.3.8 India
11 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
11.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Type
11.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Type (2020-2031)
11.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
11.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Application
11.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Application (2020-2031)
11.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
11.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
11.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
11.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales by Country (2020-2031)
11.3.4 Brazil
11.3.5 Mexico
11.3.6 Turkey
11.3.7 Israel
11.3.8 GCC Countries
12 Corporate Profile
12.1 Bosch
12.1.1 Bosch Corporation Information
12.1.2 Bosch Overview
12.1.3 Bosch One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.1.4 Bosch One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.1.5 Bosch Recent Developments
12.2 Continental
12.2.1 Continental Corporation Information
12.2.2 Continental Overview
12.2.3 Continental One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.2.4 Continental One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.2.5 Continental Recent Developments
12.3 ZF
12.3.1 ZF Corporation Information
12.3.2 ZF Overview
12.3.3 ZF One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.3.4 ZF One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.3.5 ZF Recent Developments
12.4 Bethel
12.4.1 Bethel Corporation Information
12.4.2 Bethel Overview
12.4.3 Bethel One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.4.4 Bethel One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.4.5 Bethel Recent Developments
12.5 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic
12.5.1 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic Corporation Information
12.5.2 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic Overview
12.5.3 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.5.4 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.5.5 Zhejiang Asia-Pacific Mechanical & Electronic Recent Developments
12.6 FinDreams Powertrain
12.6.1 FinDreams Powertrain Corporation Information
12.6.2 FinDreams Powertrain Overview
12.6.3 FinDreams Powertrain One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.6.4 FinDreams Powertrain One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.6.5 FinDreams Powertrain Recent Developments
12.7 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY
12.7.1 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY Corporation Information
12.7.2 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY Overview
12.7.3 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.7.4 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.7.5 LEEKR TECHNOLOGY Recent Developments
12.8 NASN Automotive Electronics
12.8.1 NASN Automotive Electronics Corporation Information
12.8.2 NASN Automotive Electronics Overview
12.8.3 NASN Automotive Electronics One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.8.4 NASN Automotive Electronics One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.8.5 NASN Automotive Electronics Recent Developments
12.9 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech
12.9.1 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech Corporation Information
12.9.2 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech Overview
12.9.3 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.9.4 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.9.5 Beijing Trinova Auto Tech Recent Developments
12.10 Trugo Tech
12.10.1 Trugo Tech Corporation Information
12.10.2 Trugo Tech Overview
12.10.3 Trugo Tech One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
12.10.4 Trugo Tech Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
12.10.5 Trugo Tech Recent Developments
13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
13.1 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Industry Chain Analysis
13.2 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Key Raw Materials
13.2.1 Key Raw Materials
13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
13.3 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Production Mode & Process
13.4 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales and Marketing
13.4.1 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Sales Channels
13.4.2 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Distributors
13.5 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Customers
14 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Dynamics
14.1 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Industry Trends
14.2 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Drivers
14.3 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Challenges
14.4 One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Market Restraints
15 Key Findings in the Global One-Box Electronic Hydraulic Brake (EHB)System Study
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
16.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.1.2 Data Source
16.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
16.1.2.2 Primary Sources
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer