Summary

Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Definition and Scope

The Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market valued at USD 1.60 billion in 2025 is anticipated to reach USD 3.49 billion by 2036, growing at 6.9% CAGR during the forecast period. The market has become strategically important as healthcare systems ramp up efforts to reduce healthcare associated infections, shorten hospital stays and improve patient outcomes. Antimicrobial catheters are a critical infection prevention technology across acute care, long term care and home healthcare settings. Hospital acquired infections continue to impose substantial clinical and economic burdens worldwide. According to 2024 reports of the World Health Organisation (WHO), hundreds of millions of patients are affected by healthcare associated infections globally each year. This trend has prompted healthcare providers to adopt preventive technologies that lower infection risks during catheterization procedures.

Global Antimicrobial Catheter Market: Key Highlights

• The Global Antimicrobial Catheter Market was valued at USD 1.60 billion in 2025, primarily driven by stringent healthcare-associated infection prevention protocols worldwide.
• The market is projected to reach USD 3.49 billion by 2036, growing at a CAGR of 6.9% during 2026–2036, propelled by antimicrobial coating innovations enhancing catheter safety.
• North America leads the market owing to advanced healthcare infrastructure, comprehensive infection control standards, and widespread adoption of antimicrobial medical devices.
• Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing regional market, supported by expanding healthcare investments, improving hospital infrastructure, and increasing access to advanced medical technologies.
• Urinary catheters dominate the product segment because of their extensive clinical utilization for long-term bladder management and infection prevention requirements.
• Silicone leads the material segment owing to superior biocompatibility, flexibility, and reduced tissue irritation, enabling enhanced patient comfort during prolonged catheterization.
• Silver-based coatings dominate the coating segment because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, sustained infection prevention, and established clinical acceptance across healthcare settings.
• Hospitals and ASCs lead the end-user segment, supported by high procedural volumes, centralized procurement practices, and stringent infection prevention protocols.


Research Scope and Methodology
The report provides an assessment of the global antimicrobial catheters market based on product type, material, coating technology, end user, and region. It includes an analysis of the market demand, technological advancements, regulatory framework, competitive scenario, procurement trends, and commercialization strategies. The ecosystem comprises catheter manufacturers, coating technology providers, healthcare facilities, specialty care providers, distributors, regulatory bodies, and reimbursement stakeholders. Key application areas include intensive care units, operating rooms, urology departments, oncology centers, dialysis centers, and home healthcare settings. The report provides an assessment of the existing market dynamics and highlights long-term investment opportunities that will shape the industry's evolution through 2036.

The report provides a multi stage research framework that includes primary interviews, secondary research, industry validation and quantitative forecasting. Analysts tracked company annual reports, regulatory filings, healthcare databases, clinical literature, government publications, hospital procurement records and industry association resources.
Primary research included interviews with healthcare administrators, infection control specialists, procurement managers, catheter manufacturers, coating technology developers and distribution channel participants. The interviews provided information on purchasing priorities, technology adoption barriers, clinical outcomes and future investment strategies.
Market sizing was performed using a bottom-up methodology based on procedure volumes, healthcare expenditure patterns, installed healthcare infrastructure and device utilization rates. Forecast models considered demographic changes, infection control initiatives, reimbursement trends, regulatory developments, technology commercialization rates and regional healthcare investments. Triangulation techniques were applied to ensure consistency across demand side and supply side datasets. The resulting analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of current market conditions and future growth trajectories.

Key Market Segments

By Product Type:
Central Venous Catheters
Urinary Catheters
Intermittent Catheters
Others
By Material:
Silicone
Polyurethane
Latex
Others
By Coating Type:
Silver-based
Antibiotic-based
Others
By End User:
Hospitals & ASCs
Specialty Clinics
Homecare Settings
Others

Key Market Players
Teleflex Incorporated
B. Braun SE.
Medtronic plc.
Cook Medical
Cardinal Health, Inc.
ConvaTec Group PLC.
Medline Industries, LP.
Vygon Group.
Terumo Corporation
Nipro Corporation

Industry Trends
• Healthcare systems are looking for infection prevention technologies with proven clinical outcomes more and more. Antimicrobial catheters have become a strategic solution as scrutiny of hospital acquired infections, patient safety indicators, and treatment costs increases.
• Silver based coating technologies continue to gain commercial traction. Manufacturers are improving coating uniformity, durability, and antimicrobial efficacy to improve long term catheter performance. Silver technologies are appealing to healthcare providers because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and reduced concerns about antibiotic resistance.
• Antibiotic coated catheters still have a role in high risk clinical settings, but manufacturers are investing heavily in alternative antimicrobial technologies to address resistance management concerns. Developments in surface engineering are increasingly aimed at preventing microbial attachment rather than just relying on antimicrobial release mechanisms.
• Advances in material science are changing the priorities for product development. Silicone and polyurethane formulations are being optimized for better flexibility, patient comfort, biocompatibility and infection prevention performance. Innovative polymer technologies are extending catheter lifespan and reducing complications associated with prolonged use.
• Healthcare providers are increasingly evaluating catheter procurement decisions through total cost of ownership frameworks. Device acquisition costs are becoming secondary considerations compared to infection reduction benefits, readmission avoidance, and improved patient outcomes. This shift favours premium antimicrobial catheter products with strong clinical evidence.
• Another emerging trend is the integration of digital healthcare. Investment in R&D is rising in smart catheter systems that can monitor patient condition, catheter status and infection markers. Adoption is still limited, but commercialization efforts are expanding.
• Home healthcare services are changing the structure of market demand. Aging populations, chronic disease management requirements and healthcare cost containment strategies are driving increased catheter use outside traditional hospital environments. Manufacturers are developing patient friendly antimicrobial catheter solutions tailored for homecare environments.
• Regulatory agencies continue to strengthen infection prevention requirements across healthcare facilities. Compliance driven purchasing behavior increasingly supports antimicrobial catheter adoption across developed healthcare markets.
• Strategic partnerships between coating technology providers and catheter manufacturers have intensified. These alliances accelerate product innovation, streamline commercialization timelines and expand intellectual property portfolios.
• Healthcare infrastructure expansion across emerging economies is creating substantial demand opportunities. Governments are investing in hospital modernization, critical care capacity and infection control capabilities, creating fertile ground for greater adoption of advanced catheter technologies.
• Environmental sustainability considerations are also influencing procurement decisions, with manufacturers increasingly scrutinizing recyclable materials, sustainable production processes and waste reduction initiatives. Sustainability metrics are slowly becoming procurement criteria in major healthcare institutions.
• Innovation activity during the forecast period will likely center on next generation coatings, biofilm resistant surfaces, advanced biomaterials and digitally enabled catheter technologies. Competitive differentiation will increasingly hinge on clinical evidence, infection reduction outcomes and long-term economic value creation.


Market Determinants

• Rising Burden of Healthcare Associated Infections: Healthcare associated infections remain a significant challenge for healthcare systems globally. Antimicrobial catheters reduce infection risks, improve patient outcomes, and lower treatment expenditures. Their value proposition aligns closely with hospital quality improvement objectives.
• Expansion of Critical Care Infrastructure: Healthcare providers continue expanding intensive care units, surgical facilities, oncology centers, and dialysis services. These environments rely heavily on catheter-based procedures, creating sustained demand for infection prevention technologies.
• Growing Regulatory Emphasis on Patient Safety: Regulatory agencies increasingly monitor infection rates and quality indicators. Hospitals face financial and reputational consequences from preventable infections. This environment supports investment in antimicrobial catheter technologies.
• Aging Population and Chronic Disease Growth: According to 2024 reports of the United Nations, the global population aged 65 years and above continues increasing rapidly. Aging demographics contribute to higher catheter utilization rates across healthcare settings.
• Technology Commercialization and Product Innovation: Manufacturers continue introducing advanced coatings, antimicrobial materials, and biofilm resistant technologies. Continuous innovation improves product efficacy and expands clinical adoption opportunities.
• Cost and Reimbursement Challenges: Premium antimicrobial catheters command higher prices than conventional alternatives. Budget constraints and reimbursement limitations can slow adoption, particularly across cost sensitive healthcare systems.

Opportunity Mapping Based on Market Trends

• Expansion in Emerging Healthcare Markets: Healthcare infrastructure investments across Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East create significant opportunities for antimicrobial catheter manufacturers. Infection prevention initiatives increasingly support premium device adoption.
• Advanced Surface Engineering Technologies: Investment momentum increasingly favors non antibiotic antimicrobial technologies. Companies developing biofilm resistant surfaces and next generation coatings can capture premium market positioning.
• Homecare Focused Product Development: The transition toward decentralized healthcare delivery creates demand for antimicrobial catheters optimized for homecare settings. Ease of use, patient comfort, and infection prevention remain key differentiators.
• Strategic Clinical Evidence Generation: Manufacturers that invest in large scale clinical studies can strengthen market access, support premium pricing strategies, and improve procurement competitiveness.

Value-Creating Segments and Growth Pockets

Urinary Catheters lead the product landscape through high procedural volumes and infection prevention priorities.

Based on Product Type, the market is segmented into Central Venous Catheters, Urinary Catheters, Intermittent Catheters, and Others. Urinary Catheters dominate the market currently and are expected to register a share of about 48.6% in 2025. The current dominance is due to the high usage of urinary catheters in hospitals, long term care facilities and postoperative recovery settings. High procedure volumes lead to high demand. Catheter associated urinary tract infections remain among the most common healthcare associated infections. Clinical guidelines increasingly encourage antimicrobial solutions. Established distribution channels boost the market penetration. Intermittent Catheters are estimated to grow at the fastest CAGR of 14.8% in 2026-2036. Growing homecare adoption, increasing patient awareness, favorable quality of life outcomes and rising prevalence of chronic urological diseases are driving the future growth.

Silicone strengthens material leadership through superior biocompatibility and long-term clinical performance.

Based on Material, the market is segmented into Silicone, Polyurethane, Latex, and Others. Silicone currently dominates the market and is expected to hold a 54.2% market share in 2025, due to its better biocompatibility, low incidence of allergic reactions, high durability, and compatibility with antimicrobial coatings. Healthcare providers are increasingly opting for silicone-based products for long-term catheterization. Polyurethane is expected to witness the fastest CAGR of 13.7% during 2026-2036, driven by its flexibility benefits, innovations in manufacturing, enhanced patient comfort, and increasing applications in advanced catheter systems.

Silver-based coatings dominate antimicrobial technologies through broad-spectrum efficacy and strong clinical acceptance.

By Coating Type, the market is segmented into Silver-based, Antibiotic-based, and Others. Silver-based coatings currently dominate the market with an estimated share of 58.4% in 2025. Commercial adoption continues to be most robust in silver technologies due to broad antimicrobial efficacy, regulatory familiarity, and reduced resistance concerns. Extensive clinical validation underpins continued market leadership. Antibiotic-based coatings are anticipated to record the fastest CAGR of 15.1% over 2026-2036. Growth acceleration is underpinned by increasing use in high risk patient populations, intensive care applications, and ongoing formulation improvements.

Hospitals & ASCs sustain end-user leadership through high catheter utilization and stringent infection control requirements.

The market is segmented by End User into Hospitals & ASCs, Specialty Clinics, Homecare Settings, and Others. Hospitals & ASCs hold the leading position with a projected share of 66.8% in 2025. The extensive patient throughput, sophisticated procedural potential, infection monitoring needs, and high rates of catheter usage contribute to this leadership.
Homecare Settings are projected to record the highest CAGR of 16.3% during 2026-2036. The market expansion in this segment is driven by aging demographics, decentralization of healthcare, reimbursement improvement initiatives, and increasing preference for chronic disease management solutions.

Regional Market Assessment

North America maintains market leadership through advanced healthcare infrastructure and robust infection prevention standards.

North America will be the largest market for antimicrobial catheters, holding a market share of 39.7% in 2025. The region's dominance is due to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, high infection control standards, reimbursement mechanisms, and awareness among healthcare professionals. Hospitals are investing heavily in patient safety technologies. Regulatory agencies are actively supporting infection prevention initiatives. The region also has strong participation from leading catheter manufacturers and coating technology developers. Research institutes continue to produce clinical evidence supporting the use of antimicrobial catheters. Increasing numbers of surgical procedures and the burden of chronic diseases are boosting market demand. Procurement models are also increasingly emphasizing clinical outcomes and lowering the total healthcare costs. These factors are collectively cementing North America’s pre-eminence throughout the forecast period.

Europe reinforces market maturity through stringent quality regulations and evidence-based healthcare adoption.

Europe commands a leading position in the antimicrobial catheters market due to strict health care quality standards and robust regulatory oversight. Infection prevention programs remain a focus for healthcare systems in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Nordic countries. Public healthcare providers are increasingly adopting evidence-based procurement strategies that prioritize clinically validated antimicrobial technologies. Aging populations are driving higher rates of catheter usage. Hospital modernization efforts are fostering the uptake of advanced infection control products. Research collaborations between manufacturers, universities and healthcare institutions continue to spur product innovation. Sustainability considerations are playing a growing role in procurement decisions. The region continues to be a significant centre for clinical research, technology validation and the adoption of premium medical devices.

Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest-growing regional market through healthcare expansion and rising infection control investments.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to exhibit the fastest CAGR of 15.8% during the forecast period of 2026-2036. This growth acceleration is attributed to the expansion of healthcare infrastructure, increasing healthcare spending, rising hospitalization rates, and government investments in infection prevention programs. China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries are continuously strengthening hospital capacity and critical care capabilities. Increasing awareness about healthcare-associated infections is driving the demand for advanced catheter technologies. The growth of medical tourism further contributes to the adoption. Local manufacturing capabilities are improving and thus product accessibility. Regulatory modernisation efforts increasingly support innovation and market expansion. Strong demographic growth, urbanisation and chronic disease prevalence creates favourable long term demand conditions.

LAMEA presents long-term expansion opportunities through healthcare modernization and improving access to advanced medical technologies.

The LAMEA region shows significant long-term growth potential for the healthcare industry, with investments in healthcare infrastructure and increased adoption of advanced medical technologies. Middle Eastern countries are investing in hospital modernization and healthcare diversification programs. Latin American healthcare systems are focusing on infection control protocols and patient safety initiatives. African healthcare markets are witnessing gradual adoption, supported by international healthcare investments and capacity building programs. Growing private healthcare networks are also contributing to demand growth. Government initiatives to improve quality standards in healthcare support use of antimicrobial catheters. Regional manufacturers and international suppliers continue to grow their commercial presence. The region offers attractive opportunities for companies with a focus on geographic diversification strategies and long term market expansion.


Recent Developments

• February 2025: Becton, Dickinson and Company expanded its vascular access product portfolio through investment in advanced catheter technology. This development strengthens the company's position in infection prevention solutions, in line with rising demand for clinically differentiated devices.
• November 2024: Teleflex Incorporated announced enhanced commercialization initiatives for antimicrobial vascular access products globally. The initiative aids in expanding global market penetration and adoption of infection control technologies.
• July 2024: B. Braun Melsungen AG invested in catheter manufacturing and product innovation capabilities. The investment enhances the scalability of production and reflects the increasing demand for advanced catheter technologies in healthcare.
• March 2024: Cardinal Health broadened strategic partnerships across hospital supply chains to offer access to infection prevention devices. The program boosts distribution efficiency and promotes wider use of antimicrobial catheters.

Critical Business Questions Addressed

What is the long-term value creation outlook for the antimicrobial catheters market?
The report evaluates market expansion drivers, technology trends, and investment opportunities expected to influence revenue generation through 2036.
Which product categories offer the strongest commercial potential?
The study identifies dominant revenue contributors and emerging growth segments across catheter types, materials, and coating technologies.
Which regional markets should investors prioritize?
The analysis assesses regional demand drivers, healthcare investments, regulatory frameworks, and infrastructure readiness across key geographies.
How will technology innovation reshape competitive positioning?
The report evaluates the impact of advanced coatings, biomaterials, and infection prevention technologies on future market dynamics.
Which strategic risks require management attention?
The study examines pricing pressures, reimbursement constraints, regulatory challenges, and competitive threats affecting profitability.

Beyond the Forecast

• Antimicrobial catheters are transitioning from infection prevention devices to strategic healthcare quality assets that impact clinical outcomes and economic performance.

• Competitive advantage will increasingly rely on the generation of clinical evidence, advanced surface technologies, and integration with broader patient safety initiatives.

• Market leadership through 2036 will favor organizations that combine innovation, manufacturing scalability, regulatory expertise, and outcome-based value propositions across global healthcare systems.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Report Scope & Methodology
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Market Segmentation
1.3. Research Assumption
1.3.1. Inclusion & Exclusion
1.3.2. Limitations
1.4. Research Objective
1.5. Research Methodology
1.5.1. Forecast Model
1.5.2. Desk Research
1.5.3. Top Down and Bottom-Up Approach
1.6. Research Attributes
1.7. Years Considered for the Study
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Snapshot
2.2. Strategic Insights
2.3. Top Findings
2.4. CEO/CXO Standpoint
2.5. ESG Analysis
Chapter 3. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Forces Analysis
3.1. Market Forces Shaping The Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market (2025-2036)
3.2. Drivers
3.2.1. Rising Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
3.2.2. Growing Geriatric Population
3.2.3. Increasing Surgical and Critical Care Procedures
3.2.4. Technological Advancements in Antimicrobial Coatings
3.3. Restraints
3.3.1. High Product Costs Compared to Conventional Catheters
3.3.2. Concerns Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Clinical Effectiveness
3.4. Opportunities
3.4.1. Expansion of Home Healthcare and Self-Catheterization
3.4.2. Emerging Demand for Non-Antibiotic Antimicrobial Technologies

Chapter 4. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Industry Analysis
4.1. Porter’s 5 Forces Model
4.2. Porter’s 5 Force Forecast Model (2025-2036)
4.3. PESTEL Analysis
4.4. Macroeconomic Industry Trends
4.4.1. Parent Market Trends
4.4.2. GDP Trends & Forecasts
4.5. Value Chain Analysis
4.6. Top Investment Trends & Forecasts
4.7. Top Winning Strategies (2025)
4.8. Market Share Analysis (2025)
4.9. Pricing Analysis
4.10. Investment & Funding Scenario
4.11. Impact of Geopolitical & Trade Policy Volatility on the Market

Chapter 5. AI Adoption Trends and Market Influence
5.1. AI Readiness Index
5.2. Key Emerging Technologies
5.3. Patent Analysis
5.4. Top Case Studies

Chapter 6. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Size & Forecasts by Product Type 2025-2036
6.1. Market Overview
6.2. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Performance - Potential Analysis (2025)
6.3. Central Venous Catheters
6.3.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
6.3.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
6.4. Urinary Catheters
6.4.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
6.4.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
6.5. Intermittent Catheters
6.5.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
6.5.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
6.6. Others
6.6.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
6.6.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036

Chapter 7. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Size & Forecasts by Material 2025-2036
7.1. Market Overview
7.2. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Performance - Potential Analysis (2025)
7.3. Silicone
7.3.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
7.3.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
7.4. Polyurethane
7.4.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
7.4.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
7.5. Latex
7.5.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
7.5.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
7.6. Others
7.6.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
7.6.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036

Chapter 8. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Size & Forecasts by Coating Type 2025-2036
8.1. Market Overview
8.2. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Performance - Potential Analysis (2025)
8.3. Silver-based
8.3.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
8.3.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
8.4. Antibiotic-based
8.4.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
8.4.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
8.5. Others
8.5.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
8.5.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036

Chapter 9. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Size & Forecasts by End User 2025-2036
9.1. Market Overview
9.2. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Performance - Potential Analysis (2025)
9.3. Hospitals & ASCs
9.3.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
9.3.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
9.4. Specialty Clinics
9.4.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
9.4.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
9.5. Homecare Settings
9.5.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
9.5.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036
9.6. Others
9.6.1. Top Countries Breakdown Estimates & Forecasts, 2025-2036
9.6.2. Market size analysis, by region, 2025-2036

Chapter 10. Global Antimicrobial Catheters Market Size & Forecasts by Region 2025-2036
10.1. Growth Antimicrobial Catheters Market, Regional Market Snapshot
10.2. Top Leading & Emerging Countries
10.3. North America Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.3.1. U.S. Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.3.1.1. Product Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2025-2036
10.3.1.2. Material breakdown size & forecasts, 2025-2036
10.3.1.3. Coating Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2025-2036
10.3.1.4. End User breakdown size & forecasts, 2025-2036
10.3.2. Canada Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4. Europe Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.1. UK Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.2. Germany Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.3. France Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.4. Spain Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.5. Italy Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.4.6. Rest of Europe Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5. Asia Pacific Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.1. China Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.2. India Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.3. Japan Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.4. Australia Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.5. South Korea Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.5.6. Rest of APAC Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.6. Latin America Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.6.1. Brazil Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.6.2. Mexico Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.7. Middle East and Africa Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.7.1. UAE Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.7.2. Saudi Arabia (KSA) Antimicrobial Catheters Market
10.7.3. South Africa Antimicrobial Catheters Market

Chapter 11. Competitive Intelligence
11.1. Top Market Strategies
11.2. Teleflex Incorporated
11.2.1. Company Overview
11.2.2. Key Executives
11.2.3. Company Snapshot
11.2.4. Financial Performance (Subject to Data Availability)
11.2.5. Product/Services Port
11.2.6. Recent Development
11.2.7. Market Strategies
11.2.8. SWOT Analysis
11.3. B. Braun SE.
11.4. Medtronic plc.
11.5. Cook Medical
11.6. Cardinal Health, Inc.
11.7. ConvaTec Group PLC.
11.8. Medline Industries, LP.
11.9. Vygon Group.
11.10. Terumo Corporation
11.11. Nipro Corporation