仮想発電所市場調査:分散型再生エネルギー、需要応答、エネルギー貯蔵技術の統合向けスマートグリッドプラットフォーム / パイクリサーチ社

仮想発電所市場調査:分散型再生エネルギー、需要応答、エネルギー貯蔵技術の統合向けスマートグリッドプラットフォーム

Virtual Power Plants
Smart Grid Platforms for Aggregating Distributed Renewables, Demand Response, and Energy Storage Technologies

出版社	出版日	電子媒体 (05/23 レート)	ページ数	図表数
パイクリサーチ社	2011年11月	US$ 3,800 \323,030(税込) ライセンス別価格	146	133

価格・ご注文について

サマリー

※上記の価格は、1-5ユーザライセンスの価格です。その他のライセンス価格は、お問合せください。

この調査レポートは、仮想発電所 (VPP)市場を調査し、4つの主要市場セグメント(需要応答ベース/供給サイド/電源の組み合わせ/卸売オークション)など、市場将来性に関する詳細な調査を行っています。セグメント毎の3つの製造シナリオを含む、2017年までの詳細な市場予測、仮想発電市場市場における主要関連企業の概要、SWOT分析なども掲載しています。

Growing investments in distributed energy resources - renewable distributed energy generation, demand response (DR), energy storage, and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) - will require new business and technology platforms to manage the increased level of diversity and complexity. The increasing variability of both generation (from solar and wind) and loads (due to DR and PEVs) will also require more sophisticated and decentralized decision making. As a result of all of these factors, interest in virtual power plants (VPPs) is gaining significant momentum within the industry.

One of the best ways to capture the essence of today’s most commercially viable VPP is this simple definition: the ability to tap resources in real time, and with enough granularity, to control the load profiles of customers, aggregate these resources, and put them up on a trader’s desk. Unlike microgrids, utilities will have to play a major role in the evolution of the VPP market, by nature of their reliance upon the transmission and distribution grid infrastructure, including smart meters. While there are several distinct segments within the VPP market, there is currently an explosion of interest in DR-based VPPs, which are expected to continue leading the way in terms of capacity additions over the next few years.

This Pike Research report provides an in-depth assessment of the market opportunity for VPPs including a comprehensive examination of the four major market segments: demand response-based VPPs, supply-side VPPs, mixed asset VPPs, and wholesale auction VPPs. The report includes detailed market forecasts through 2017, including three growth scenarios for each segment. The study also provides profiles and SWOT analysis for key industry players in the VPP market.

Key Questions Addressed:

What is a “virtual power plant” and how do definitions differ in different parts of the world?
Is a “virtual power plant” the same as a “microgrid“ or even the “smart grid?”
How do the four VPP segments differ, and what do long-term trends suggest in terms of the dominant resources that will comprise future VPPs?
Why are large companies such as GE, Cisco, IBM, and Schneider Electric entering this market?
Who are the leading small innovators in the VPP space?
What are the key gateway technologies that will accelerate VPP deployments beyond 2017?
What are the policy drivers for VPPs in different parts of the world?
What are key implementation issues for VPPs?
Why are the United States, Germany, Denmark, Japan, and China such hot spots for VPPs?

Who needs this report?

Utilities
Smart grid hardware and software vendors
Demand response providers
IT software and services companies
Government agencies
Investor community

Table of Contents

詳細資料は、お問い合わせフォームから請求してください。

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Virtual Power Plant Market Overview
1.2 Market Forecasts

2. Market Issues

2.1 VPP Definitions, Key Components, and Trends

2.1.1 Pike Research’s Working Definition
2.1.2 VPPs and Microgrids: Similarities and Contrasts
2.1.3 Merging of Microgrid/VPP Models
2.1.4 What Specific Smart Grid Steps Support VPPs?
2.1.5 Global VPP Market Insights
2.1.6 Virtual Aggregation and Optimization Trends

2.2 The Business Case for VPPs

2.2.1 Better Generation Asset Utilization
2.2.2 Greater Flexibility in Meeting Power Demand
2.2.3 VPP Synergy with DR 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0
2.2.4 Modular, Nimble, and Diverse Supply Portfolios
2.2.5 Automated Dispatch Capability
2.2.6 Economic, Environmental, and Reliability Optimization Strategies
2.2.7 Bridging the Divide between Wholesale and Retail Markets
2.2.8 Net Cost of VPP Alternatives
2.2.9 Tipping Point Value for VPPs

2.3 Current Market Opportunities

2.3.1 Smart Grid Upgrades
2.3.2 Climate Change Considerations
2.3.3 Trends toward Real-Time, Time-of-Use Pricing
2.3.4 IT Crossovers into Power Markets
2.3.5 Community Solar and Virtual Net Metering
2.3.6 Community Choice Aggregation
2.3.7 Key Advantages of VPP over Microgrid

2.4 Implementation Issues

2.4.1 Lack of VPP Definitions, Incentives, and Policies
2.4.2 Lack of VPP Standards and Certifications
2.4.3 Current Consumer Backlash against Smart Grid Rollouts
2.4.4 Price Spikes, Big Brother, and Emerging EMF/RF Concerns

3. Technology Issues

3.1 Key VPP Component Overview

3.1.1 Evolution of Electricity Markets
3.1.2 What Are the Top Two Technology Drivers for VPPs?

3.2 Renewable Distributed Energy Generation

3.2.1 Basic Principles
3.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.2.3 Commercial Time Horizon

3.3 Demand Response

3.3.1 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.3.2 Commercial Time Horizon

3.4 Advanced Energy Storage Technologies

3.4.1 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.4.2 Commercial Time Horizon
3.4.2.1 Lithium Ion Batteries
3.4.2.2 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
3.4.2.3 Flow Batteries
3.4.2.4 Flywheels
3.4.2.5 Compressed Air Energy Storage
3.4.2.6 Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage

3.5 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

3.5.1 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.5.2 Commercial Time Horizon

3.6 Smart Inverters

3.6.1 Strengths and Weaknesses
3.6.2 Commercial Time Horizon

4. Key Industry Players

4.1 Utilities

4.1.1 DONG Energy
4.1.2 Duke Energy
4.1.3 Xcel Energy
4.1.4 Southern California Edison

4.2 Large Non-Utility Players

4.2.1 Cisco
4.2.2 Schneider Electric
4.2.3 Siemens
4.2.4 IBM
4.2.5 General Electric
4.2.6 Alstom Grid

4.3 Demand Response Aggregators and Enablers

4.3.1 EnerNOC
4.3.2 Comverge
4.3.3 Consert

4.4 VPP Platform Trail Blazers

4.4.1 Spirae, Inc.
4.4.2 Power Analytics
4.4.3 Calico Energy
4.4.4 OSIsoft
4.4.5 Blue Pillar

4.5 VPP Optimization Software Firms

4.5.1 Ventyx
4.5.2 Viridity Energy

4.6 Storage, Smart Inverter, and Smart Switch Innovators

4.6.1 Xtreme Power
4.6.2 Princeton Power Systems
4.6.3 S&C Electric

5. Market Forecasts

5.1 Market Overview

5.1.1 VPP Financial Incentives and Public Policies
5.1.1.1 Net Metering Policies
5.1.1.2 Feed-in Tariffs
5.1.1.3 Interconnection and Permitting Standards
5.1.1.4 Public Benefit Funds
5.1.1.5 Rebate Programs and Grants
5.1.1.6 Renewable Portfolio Standards
5.1.1.7 Renewable Energy Certificates

5.2 Policy Supports per Geography

5.2.1 United States
5.2.1.1 The Energy Independence and Security Act
5.2.1.2 FERC Order Number 676-F
5.2.1.3 FERC Order Number 719
5.2.1.4 FERC Order 745
5.2.2 European Union
5.2.2.1 Denmark
5.2.2.2 Germany
5.2.2.3 United Kingdom
5.2.2.4 Spain
5.2.2.5 Italy
5.2.2.6 France
5.2.3 Asia Pacific
5.2.3.1 Japan
5.2.3.2 China
5.2.3.3 Korea
5.2.4 India
5.2.4.1 Australia
5.2.4.2 New Zealand
5.2.5 Rest of the World
5.2.5.1 Latin America
5.2.5.2 Middle East and Africa

5.3 DR-VPP Forecasts

5.3.1 Case Study: Northern Westchester County Energy Action in New York
5.3.2 Global Overview of DR- VPPs

5.4 Supply Side VPP Forecasts

5.4.3 North America
5.4.4 Europe
5.4.5 Asia Pacific
5.4.6 Rest of the World

5.5 Mixed Asset VPPs

5.5.1 E-Energy
5.5.2 Global Overview
5.5.3 North America
5.5.4 Europe
5.5.5 Asia Pacific
5.5.6 Rest of the World

5.6 Wholesale Auction VPPs

6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

VPP Diagram from Siemens, Founder of VPP Supply Concept
VPP: An Internet of Energy
Potential VPP Grid Services Portfolio
Hybrid Microgrid-VPP Networks for College Campuses
Top Solar PV Markets (Distributed and Non-Distributed), 2010 (MW)
VPP Conceptual Diagram
Depiction of DR-VPP
The DR Market Today: 1% to 2% of Summer Peak Days/Hours
VPP Balances and Integrates Diverse Resources
Moving from Disconnected to Dynamic Energy Management
Basic Smart Grid Network Components in the United States
DC Devices within the Typical Home
RF Emissions Comparison of Household Devices and Smart Meters
Before and After Smart Grid Technology
Cutting Peak Demand via Distributed Generation
California versus Germany: Solar PV Capacity
Many State Small Wind Incentives Curtailed or Suspended in 2011
A Typical Residential Load Profile over a 24-Hour Day
Transmission and Distribution Storage Applications
End-Use Customer Storage Applications
Worldwide Announced Storage Capacity for Electricity Markets: 4Q11
Daily Fluctuations in Wind Power Production in the Pacific Northwest
Smart Inverter Transforms Microgrid into VPP
Smart Inverter Forecast Trend Lines
Denmark’s Island of Bornholm VPP
McApline Creek VPP
Current and Projected Wind Generation for Xcel Energy
Load Impacts of PHEVs on SCE’s Peak Load
Model Mannheim Smart Microgrid Cells
Alstom Grid VPP Projects in the United States and Europe
Consert’s View of DR Market Value
Denmark’s Cell Controller VPP
Calico Energy’s Worldview on VPP Optimizations
Blue Pillar’s View of Competitive Landscape
Xtreme Power’s Storage System Service Portfolio
Central High-Frequency Link for Four Bi-Directional Loads/Resources
Net Metering Landscape in the United States
U.S. State RPS Landscape
United States and Canadian RTOs
Europe’s Proposed SuperGrid in the North Sea (Phase 1)
Combined Power Plant Map, Germany
DR Capacity, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Total VPP Capacity (DR, Supply-Side and Mixed Asset), All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Total VPP Revenue (DR, Supply-Side and Mixed Asset), All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Wholesale Auction VPP Revenue, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Renewable Distributed Generation Capacity Additions, World Markets: 2009
Annual RDEG Capacity Additions, World Markets: 2009-2015
Cumulative Capacity Forecast by ESS for Ancillary Services Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Total EV Charging Station Unit Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
Total VPP Capacity (DR, Supply-Side and Mixed Asset), All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Total VPP Revenue (DR, Supply-Side and Mixed Asset), All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Capacity, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Revenue, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Capacity, Dynamic Pricing, Market Segments: 2011-2017
Supply-Side VPP Capacity, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Supply-Side VPP Revenue, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Mixed Asset VPP Capacity, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Mixed Asset VPP Revenue, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Wholesale Auction VPP Capacity, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
Wholesale Auction VPP Revenue, All Scenarios, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Capacity, Managed Load Reduction, Market Segments: 2011-2017
DR Capacity, Managed Load Reduction, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Capacity, Dynamic Pricing, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Revenue, Managed Load Reduction, Market Segments: 2011-2017
DR Revenue, Managed Load Reduction, World Markets: 2011-2017
DR Revenue, Dynamic Pricing, Market Segments: 2011-2017
DR Revenue, Dynamic Pricing, World Markets: 2011-2017