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この調査レポートは、米国を対象に商業および産業の操業における電力の重要な役割について調査し、多様な事業において非公益事業とグリーンエネルギーが求められている背景を詳述しています。また、競争を促進する既存の政策と共に、電力の価格競争を妨げる可能性を持つ事象についても特定しています。さらに、主要関連企業の会社概要や2020年までの電力市場予測を掲載しています。

主な掲載内容 (目次より抜粋)

• 市場動向 - 消費動向
• 市場動向 - 電力調達方法
• 州および連邦の政策
• 市場予測
• 主要関連企業

Electricity is a $360 billion per year market in the United States, with the vast majority of power sales still conducted through traditional regulated electric utilities. Despite the failure of deregulation to take hold throughout the industry, as was expected in the 1990s, the past decade has seen tremendous growth in competitive electricity procurement by commercial, industrial and institutional purchasers in 20 states and jurisdictions that allow retail access to open markets.

In 2009, competitive electricity purchases by commercial and industrial end-users approached $29.5 billion, and in many open-market states the rates of large end-users switching to competitive sources of power exceed 60% for commercial entities and 90% for industrial concerns. The increase in non-utility procurement has also spurred development of “green” markets for renewable energy and renewable energy certificates, and new options for on-site generation of electricity by commercial and manufacturing facilities. To meet this demand, new classes of retail energy marketers, intermediaries, and market transaction platforms have established themselves nationally.

This Pike Research report examines the critical role that electricity plays in commercial and industrial operations, explores the motivations for seeking non-utility and green power among a variety of business types, and identifies existing policies that promote competition - as well as barriers that may inhibit further access to competitively priced power. The report includes profiles of key industry players and forecasts for the competitive electricity market through 2020.

Key Questions Addressed:

• How is electricity used in business and manufacturing?
• Which state policies provide retail access to electricity, and what is the current status of those markets?
• How have wholesale power market reforms impacted retail choices?
• What importance do non-price factors play in corporate buying decisions?
• Who are the industry leaders among retail power marketers, green power purchasers, and on-site energy users?

Who needs this report?

• Corporate energy managers
• Corporate sustainability managers
• Power marketers
• Distributed energy generation companies
• Utilities
• Government agencies
• Investor community

Table of Contents

詳細資料は、お問い合わせフォームから請求してください。

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Overview
1.2 Commercial and Industrial Procurement of Electricity
1.2.1 Competitive Procurement Market Issues

2. Market Issues: Consumption Trends

2.1 Electricity Use by Commercial and Industrial Enterprises

2.1.1 Electricity Use by Industry
2.1.2 Commercial Buildings and Electricity

2.2 Projections of Electricity Growth: 2010-2020
2.3 How Electricity Is Used by the Industrial Sector

2.4 How Electricity Is Used by the Commercial Sector

2.4.1 Electricity Use in Data Centers
2.4.1.1 Digital Drivers of Growth
2.4.1.2 Cooling and Ventilation Required

3. Market Issues: How Power is Procured

3.1 Traditional Utility Rate-Based Service

3.1.1 Theory of Regulation
3.1.2 Policy Impacts Rates
3.1.3 Utilities as Agents of Social Policy
3.1.4 Federal/State Jurisdiction

3.2 Rate Structures for Commercial and Industrial Utility Customers

3.2.1 Tariff Types
3.2.2 Key Accounts

3.3 Regional Impacts on Utility Rates

3.4 Restructuring and Competitive Electricity Markets

3.4.1 Wholesale Market Reforms
3.4.2 New Marketers
3.4.3 A Restructuring Wave across the Land
3.4.4 Impacts of Restructuring on Commercial and Industrial Procurement Practices
3.4.5 A Variety of Competitive Procurement Options

3.5 Procurement Learning Pains

3.5.1 Intermediaries
3.5.1.1 Community Choice Aggregation
3.5.2 Solicitations: Formal and Informal
3.5.3 Service Agreements
3.5.4 Electronic Auctions
3.5.5 Exchanges

3.6 Renewable Energy and Green Power

3.6.1 Renewable Energy Certificates
3.6.1.1 Removing Barriers to Buying Green Power
3.6.2 Federal Agencies Lead the Market
3.6.3 RECs and Corporate Energy Buyers
3.6.4 Considerations for Buying Green Power
3.6.4.1 Non-Price Factors
3.6.4.2 Vetting Suppliers
3.6.4.3 Certifying Environmental Claims for RECs

3.7 Direct Energy and On-Site Generation

3.7.1 On-Site Renewables
3.7.2 Corporate and Institutional Use of On-Site Renewables

3.8 Fuel Cells on the Rise

4. State and Federal Policies

4.1 States That Allow Retail Access to Customers

4.1.1 Switching Rates Tell the Story

4.2 State Policies and Active Market Status

4.2.1 California
4.2.2 Connecticut
4.2.3 Delaware
4.2.4 District of Columbia
4.2.5 Illinois
4.2.6 Maine
4.2.7 Maryland
4.2.8 Massachusetts
4.2.9 Michigan
4.2.10 New Hampshire
4.2.11 New Jersey
4.2.12 New York
4.2.13 Ohio
4.2.14 Oregon
4.2.15 Pennsylvania
4.2.16 Rhode Island
4.2.17 Texas
4.2.18 States with Little Activity or Suspended Rules
4.2.18.1 Arizona
4.2.18.2 Montana
4.2.18.3 Nevada
4.2.18.4 Virginia

4.3 Organized Wholesale Markets

4.3.1 Wholesale Markets Impact Retail Choices

5. Market Forecasts

5.1 Commercial and Industrial Electricity Procurement Market: 2010-2020

5.2 Does the Competitive Market Bring Benefits?

5.2.1 Price Matters but So Does Location
5.2.2 Non-Price Factors

5.3 Policy Exerts the Strongest Limits to Growth

5.3.1 California Reopens the Door a Little
5.3.2 Other States with Larger than Average Potential Growth
5.3.3 Filling in Load Levels

5.4 Energy Efficiency and On-Site Generation

5.4.1 Net Impact
5.4.2 Climate Change and Corporate Social Responsibility
5.4.3 Growth in Green Markets Could Vary Widely

5.5 Determining Market Growth for Non-Utility Electricity: 2009-2020

6. Key Industry Players

6.1 Corporate, Industrial, and Institutional Electricity Buyers

6.1.1 7-Eleven, Inc.
6.1.2 Alcoa Power Marketing LLC
6.1.3 Best Buy Co., Inc.
6.1.4 California State University
6.1.5 Carnegie Mellon University
6.1.6 Google Corp.
6.1.7 Marin County Clean Energy
6.1.8 Phoenix Press
6.1.9 Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
6.1.10 Starbucks
6.1.11 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Green Power Partnership
6.1.12 Whole Foods Corp.

6.2 Retail Marketers

6.2.1 3Degrees
6.2.2 Constellation NewEnergy
6.2.3 Direct Energy
6.2.4 Sterling Planet

6.3 Procurement Agents

6.3.1 Freedom Logistics
6.3.2 Summit Energy

6.4 Market Platforms

6.4.1 World Energy

6.5 Associations

6.5.1 COMPETE Coalition
6.5.2 Retail Energy Supply Association

6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List 
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Electricity Procurement by Industries and Supplier Type, United States: 2006
• Projected Growth in Non-Utility Electricity C/I Procurement Market, United States: 2009-2020
• Electricity Purchases by Sector, United States: 2009
• Electricity Expenditures by Manufacturing Sector, United States: 2006
• Energy Expenditures by Manufacturing Sector, United States: 2006
• Electricity Use per Square Foot by Building Type, United States: 2006
• Average Retail Price of Electricity to Customers by Sector, United States: 1998-2009
• Peak Power Prices at Major Trading Hubs, United States: 2008-2010
• Commercial Customers Served by Energy-Only Providers, United States: 1998-2009
• Industrial Customers Served by Energy-Only Providers, United States: 1998-2009
• Non-Residential Purchases of Renewable Energy/RECs, United States: 2004-2009
• Non-Utility Installations of Solar PV, United States: 2010-2011
• Residential/Non-Residential Switched Load as a Percent of Eligible Load, Competitive States: 2010
• Switch Rates (Percent of Eligible) C/I Load in 17 Competitive Markets: 2003-2010
• Percent of C/I Load Switched, United States: 2003-2010
• Average Retail Rates for Electricity by Sector, United States: 2009-2020
• Competitive Commercial/Industrial Sales in High-Growth States: 2009-2020
• States with Competitive Retail Electricity Markets: 2011
• Map of Regional Transmission Operators

List of Tables

競争的な電力調達市場は2020年に560億ドルと約2倍に成長

2011年9月20日
米国の電力事業は年間3600億ドルの市場規模であり、その大部分が従来の法規制による電力会社の電力販売によるものである。1990年代に期待された電力産業全体にわたる規制緩和の失敗にもかかわらず、この10年間の商業、産業、団体等の電力購入者による競争的な電力調達は、小売りへのアクセスを許可する20の州と管轄において大きく成長した。米国の環境エネルギーなどの地球環境保護に関するクリーン技術関連市場の専門調査会社パイクリサーチ社の調査レポート「企業および機関向け電力調達市場の分析と予測:商用と工業への電力調達における販売競争 - "Corporate and Institutional Procurement of Electricity:Competitive Retail Electricity Procurement for Commercial and Industrial Customers: Market Analysis and Forecasts」は、今後10年間は、競争的な市場がさらなる成長に向かうだろうと報告しており、競争的な電力の購入は2009-2020年に294億ドルから559億ドルと約2倍に増加するだろうと予測している。

「競争的な電気調達に大きな影響を与える要因の一つは、地域の公益企業以外のプロバイダからの調達によってコスト削減とサービスの改善を実現できると、消費者が確信しつづけられることである。公益企業以外からの調達の増加は、再生可能エネルギーやそれらの証明書(グリーン証書など)などの"環境にやさしい"市場の普及や、商業用や産業設備用途のオンサイト発電(電力を大量消費する顧客に発電機をリースする事業形態)などの新しいオプションによっても促進されている」とパイクリサーチ社の社長Clint Wheelock氏は語る。

しかし、電力料金や天然ガス市場の流動性によって、競争的な電力調達がしばしば阻害されたことも事実であるともWheelock氏は語る。それでも、特に電力への依存が高い商業者や事業者は、この市場に参入するコストを最小化するような、市場への接続の改善や受け入れやすい政策を主張し続けるだろうと、パイクリサーチ社の分析はみなしている。

その他の、電力調達の成長を決定する重要な案件は、下記の通りである。

• 米国では、法規制の特徴と適用範囲によって、顧客は公益企業以外のサプライヤを見つけることができる
• その他のエネルギーオプションとしては、エネルギーの効率性とオンサイト発電が重要である
• 地球温暖化に対する企業の共同事業や公共政策
• 事業の運営において、環境対策を強化したいと考えている大企業や団体に支持されている再生可能エネルギーなどの補完的な市場への道筋

この調査レポートは、商業や産業の運営における電力の果たす大きな役割を調査し、様々なビジネスにおける、公益企業以外からの電力調達やグリーン電力の模索の動向を明らかにしている。競争を促進するとされる現在の政策の査定や、競争的な価格の電力へのアクセスを阻害する要因、主要な企業のプロフィール、2020年までの予測も記載している。

[プレスリリース原文]
Competitive Electricity Procurement Market to Nearly Double to $56 Billion by 2020